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Swann, Temple University, USA"]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"News","shortTitle":"News","urlSegment":"news","html":"\u003ch3>Read William Poole’s review of The Man Who Knew: The Life and Times of Alan Greenspan by Sebastian Mallaby, for free\u003c/h3>\u003cp>In an important newly published review in Business Economics, William Poole dissects Sebastian Mallaby’s biography of Alan Greenspan, The Man Who Knew: The Life and Times of Alan Greenspan. Poole vigorously disagrees with a number of Mallaby's interpretations of the pre-financial crisis period and Greenspan's role and responsibility in that crisis.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Read the article, for free, \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-017-0029-1\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Our NEW ONLINE SUBMISSION SYSTEM is live!\u003c/h3>\u003cp>We are pleased to announce that our new online submission system for Business Economics is live! The link for the new system, called Editorial Manager, is\u003cbr/>\u003ca href=\"https://www.editorialmanager.com/buec\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">www.editorialmanager.com/buec\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ALL new submissions should be uploaded to the online submission system.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Business Economics announces the winner of the Abramson Scroll\u003c/h3>\u003cp>The editor of Business Economics is delighted to congratulate Angel Ubide for winning the Abramson Scroll for an outstanding paper in the journal. The paper is entitled, ‘The Case for an Active Fiscal Policy in the Developed World’ and we are delighted to present it free to view until early November.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Please read the article for FREE \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-016-0006-0\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">here\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003ch3>BE is now included in ABS' Academic Journal Quality Guide\u003c/h3>\u003cp>We are pleased to announce that Business Economics is now included in the \u003ca href=\"http://charteredabs.org/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">Association of Business Schools\u003c/a>' Academic Journal Quality Guide 2015. The guide assesses and ranks over 1,400 business and management publications - the full listing can be viewed \u003ca href=\"http://charteredabs.org/academic-journal-guide-2015/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">here\u003c/a>. Inclusion in the guide marks an important milestone for the journal. 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Poole vigorously disagrees with a number of Mallaby's interpretations of the pre-financial crisis period and Greenspan's role and responsibility in that crisis."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Read the article, for free, ",{"tagName":"a","children":["here"],"attributes":{"href":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-017-0029-1","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}},"."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Our NEW ONLINE SUBMISSION SYSTEM is live!"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["We are pleased to announce that our new online submission system for Business Economics is live! 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The paper is entitled, ‘The Case for an Active Fiscal Policy in the Developed World’ and we are delighted to present it free to view until early November."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Please read the article for FREE ",{"tagName":"a","children":["here"],"attributes":{"href":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-016-0006-0","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["BE is now included in ABS' Academic Journal Quality Guide"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["We are pleased to announce that Business Economics is now included in the ",{"tagName":"a","children":["Association of Business Schools"],"attributes":{"href":"http://charteredabs.org/","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}},"' Academic Journal Quality Guide 2015. The guide assesses and ranks over 1,400 business and management publications - the full listing can be viewed ",{"tagName":"a","children":["here"],"attributes":{"href":"http://charteredabs.org/academic-journal-guide-2015/","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}},". Inclusion in the guide marks an important milestone for the journal. Congratulations to BE on this achievement!"]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Abstracting & Indexing ","shortTitle":"Abstracting & Indexing ","urlSegment":"abstracting---indexing-","html":"\u003cp>ABS Academic Journal Quality Guide; Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) Journal Quality List; CNKI; Dimensions; EBSCO Book Review Digest Plus; EBSCO Business Abstracts with Full Text; EBSCO Business Source; EBSCO Discovery Service; EBSCO Health Business; EBSCO Management Collection; EBSCO MasterFILE; EBSCO Nonprofit Organization Reference Center; EBSCO OmniFile; EconLit; Google Scholar; Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China; Naver; OCLC WorldCat Discovery Service; ProQuest ABI/INFORM; ProQuest Asian &amp; European Business Collection; ProQuest Business Premium Collection; ProQuest Central; ProQuest Health Research Premium Collection; ProQuest Healthcare Administration Database; ProQuest Pharma Collection; ProQuest Research Library; ProQuest SIRS; ProQuest-ExLibris Primo; ProQuest-ExLibris Summon; Research Papers in Economics (RePEc); SCImago; SCOPUS; UGC-CARE List (India)\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["ABS Academic Journal Quality Guide; Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) Journal Quality List; CNKI; Dimensions; EBSCO Book Review Digest Plus; EBSCO Business Abstracts with Full Text; EBSCO Business Source; EBSCO Discovery Service; EBSCO Health Business; EBSCO Management Collection; EBSCO MasterFILE; EBSCO Nonprofit Organization Reference Center; EBSCO OmniFile; EconLit; Google Scholar; Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China; Naver; OCLC WorldCat Discovery Service; ProQuest ABI/INFORM; ProQuest Asian & European Business Collection; ProQuest Business Premium Collection; ProQuest Central; ProQuest Health Research Premium Collection; ProQuest Healthcare Administration Database; ProQuest Pharma Collection; ProQuest Research Library; ProQuest SIRS; ProQuest-ExLibris Primo; ProQuest-ExLibris Summon; Research Papers in Economics (RePEc); SCImago; SCOPUS; UGC-CARE List (India)"]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Connect with Palgrave ","shortTitle":"Connect with Palgrave ","urlSegment":"connect-with-us","html":"\u003cp>We are committed to furthering the global conversation among researchers and professionals around the world. Join us and your peers on our social media channels and keep up with the latest news.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PalgraveJournal\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">\u003cimg alt=\"\" class=\"float--left\" title=\"\" src=\"//resource-cms.springernature.com/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/14238406/data/v2\"/>Follow @PalgraveJournal\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Follow us for updates on latest articles, news and events from the Palgrave Journals team.\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["We are committed to furthering the global conversation among researchers and professionals around the world. Join us and your peers on our social media channels and keep up with the latest news."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":[{"tagName":"img","attributes":{"alt":"","class":"float--left","title":"","src":"//resource-cms.springernature.com/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/14238406/data/v2"}},"Follow @PalgraveJournal"],"attributes":{"href":"https://twitter.com/PalgraveJournal","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}}]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Follow us for updates on latest articles, news and events from the Palgrave Journals team."]}]},"children":[]}],"issueAndArticles":[{"type":"article","data":{"title":"","shortTitle":"Latest Issue","urlSegment":"latest-issue","html":"\n                    \u003ch3 class=\"kicker\">Volume 59, Issue 3, July 2024\u003c/h3>\n                    \u003ch3>Table of Content\u003c/h3>\n                    \n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Editorial\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00367-1\" title=\"From the editor\" target=\"_blank\">From the editor\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Charles Steindel\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00361-7\" title=\"Perspectives on global fiscal policy\" target=\"_blank\">Perspectives on global fiscal policy\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Clare Lombardelli\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Wendy Edelberg\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00354-6\" title=\"US sovereign debt crisis: mounting challenges, practical solutions\" target=\"_blank\">US sovereign debt crisis: mounting challenges, practical solutions\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Dana M. Peterson\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00362-6\" title=\"Monetary policy and treasury market functioning\" target=\"_blank\">Monetary policy and treasury market functioning\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>William Nelson\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Tiffany Wilding\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Ellen Zentner\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00360-8\" title=\"Labor, investment, and technology: assessing the drivers of productivity growth\" target=\"_blank\">Labor, investment, and technology: assessing the drivers of productivity growth\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Stephanie Aaronson\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Catherine L. Mann\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Chad Syverson\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00358-2\" title=\"A distributional approach to U.S. personal consumption expenditures: an overview\" target=\"_blank\">A distributional approach to U.S. personal consumption expenditures: an overview\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Thesia I. Garner\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Robert Martin\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Brett Matsumoto\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Scott Curtin\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00365-3\" title=\"Does FDI encourage female labor force participation? Evidence from Arab countries\" target=\"_blank\">Does FDI encourage female labor force participation? Evidence from Arab countries\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Manuchehr Irandoust\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Book Review\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00363-5\" title=\"Liran Einav and Amy Finkelstein: We’ve got you covered: rebooting American health care\" target=\"_blank\">Liran Einav and Amy Finkelstein: We’ve got you covered: rebooting American health care\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Kelli Marquardt\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Book Review\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00350-w\" title=\"Stephen D. King: We Need To Talk About Inflation: 14 Urgent Lessons from the Last 2,000 Years\" target=\"_blank\">Stephen D. King: We Need To Talk About Inflation: 14 Urgent Lessons from the Last 2,000 Years\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Kevin L. Kliesen\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Book Review\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00352-8\" title=\"Markus K. Brunnermeier and Ricardo Reis: A crash course on crises: macroeconomic concepts for run-ups, collapses, and recoveries\" target=\"_blank\">Markus K. Brunnermeier and Ricardo Reis: A crash course on crises: macroeconomic concepts for run-ups, collapses, and recoveries\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Anjan Thakor\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Book Review\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00356-4\" title=\"Finn Murphy: Rocky mountain high: a tale of boom and bust in the new wild west\" target=\"_blank\">Finn Murphy: Rocky mountain high: a tale of boom and bust in the new wild west\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Richard Wobbekind\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Book Review\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00364-4\" title=\"Angus Deaton: Economics in America: An Immigrant Economist Explores the Land of Inequality Princeton University Press, 2023. Edmund Phelps: My Journeys in Economic Theory, Columbia University Press, 2023\" target=\"_blank\">Angus Deaton: Economics in America: An Immigrant Economist Explores the Land of Inequality Princeton University Press, 2023. Edmund Phelps: My Journeys in Economic Theory, Columbia University Press, 2023\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Douglas J. Lamdin\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Correction\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00366-2\" title=\"Correction to: Olivier Blanchard: fiscal policy under low interest rates\" target=\"_blank\">Correction to: Olivier Blanchard: fiscal policy under low interest rates\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Burton Abrams\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"nodes":["\n                    ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Volume 59, Issue 3, July 2024"],"attributes":{"class":"kicker"}},"\n                    ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Table of Content"]},"\n                    \n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Editorial"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["From the editor"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00367-1","title":"From the editor","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Charles Steindel"]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"editors"}},"\n                    "],"attributes":{"class":"issue"}},"\n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Original Article"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["Perspectives on global fiscal policy"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00361-7","title":"Perspectives on global fiscal policy","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Clare Lombardelli"]},", ",{"tagName":"span","children":["Wendy Edelberg"]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"editors"}},"\n                    "],"attributes":{"class":"issue"}},"\n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Original Article"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["US sovereign debt crisis: mounting challenges, practical solutions"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00354-6","title":"US sovereign debt crisis: mounting challenges, practical solutions","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Dana M. Peterson"]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"editors"}},"\n                    "],"attributes":{"class":"issue"}},"\n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Original Article"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["Monetary policy and treasury market functioning"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00362-6","title":"Monetary policy and treasury market functioning","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["William Nelson"]},", ",{"tagName":"span","children":["Tiffany Wilding"]},", ",{"tagName":"span","children":["Ellen Zentner"]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"editors"}},"\n                    "],"attributes":{"class":"issue"}},"\n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Original Article"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["Labor, investment, and technology: assessing the drivers of productivity growth"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00360-8","title":"Labor, investment, and technology: assessing the drivers of productivity growth","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Stephanie Aaronson"]},", ",{"tagName":"span","children":["Catherine L. Mann"]},", ",{"tagName":"span","children":["Chad Syverson"]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"editors"}},"\n                    "],"attributes":{"class":"issue"}},"\n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Original Article"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["A distributional approach to U.S. personal consumption expenditures: an overview"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00358-2","title":"A distributional approach to U.S. personal consumption expenditures: an overview","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Thesia I. Garner"]},", ",{"tagName":"span","children":["Robert Martin"]},", ",{"tagName":"span","children":["Brett Matsumoto"]},", ",{"tagName":"span","children":["Scott Curtin"]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"editors"}},"\n                    "],"attributes":{"class":"issue"}},"\n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Original Article"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["Does FDI encourage female labor force participation? Evidence from Arab countries"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00365-3","title":"Does FDI encourage female labor force participation? Evidence from Arab countries","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Manuchehr Irandoust"]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"editors"}},"\n                    "],"attributes":{"class":"issue"}},"\n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Book Review"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["Liran Einav and Amy Finkelstein: We’ve got you covered: rebooting American health care"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00363-5","title":"Liran Einav and Amy Finkelstein: We’ve got you covered: rebooting American health care","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Kelli Marquardt"]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"editors"}},"\n                    "],"attributes":{"class":"issue"}},"\n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Book Review"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["Stephen D. 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Brunnermeier and Ricardo Reis: A crash course on crises: macroeconomic concepts for run-ups, collapses, and recoveries","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Anjan Thakor"]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"editors"}},"\n                    "],"attributes":{"class":"issue"}},"\n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Book Review"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["Finn Murphy: Rocky mountain high: a tale of boom and bust in the new wild west"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00356-4","title":"Finn Murphy: Rocky mountain high: a tale of boom and bust in the new wild west","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Richard Wobbekind"]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"editors"}},"\n                    "],"attributes":{"class":"issue"}},"\n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Book Review"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["Angus Deaton: Economics in America: An Immigrant Economist Explores the Land of Inequality Princeton University Press, 2023. Edmund Phelps: My Journeys in Economic Theory, Columbia University Press, 2023"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00364-4","title":"Angus Deaton: Economics in America: An Immigrant Economist Explores the Land of Inequality Princeton University Press, 2023. Edmund Phelps: My Journeys in Economic Theory, Columbia University Press, 2023","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Douglas J. 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Fully citeable, complete with a DOI, Online First means that the latest research is made available as quickly as possible.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/journal/11369/online-first\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">View Online First Articles\u003c/a>\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Online First articles are published online before they appear in an issue of a journal. Fully citeable, complete with a DOI, Online First means that the latest research is made available as quickly as possible."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["View Online First Articles"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/journal/11369/online-first","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}}]}]},"children":[]}],"forAuthors":[{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Aims & Scope","shortTitle":"Aims & Scope","urlSegment":"aims-scope","html":"\u003cp>\u003ci>Business Economics\u003c/i> is a refereed journal that serves as an essential resource and provides practical information for people who apply economics in their jobs. It fulfils this purpose by: \u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>providing a leading forum for debating solutions to critical business problems or the analysis of key business issues. \u003c/li>\u003cli>providing best-practice models, tools and hands-on techniques from professionals in business. \u003c/li>\u003cli>representing an important channel for summaries of action-oriented analysis aimed at solving business problems. \u003c/li>\u003cli>giving insight into how to apply economics within business and how economic professionals respond to challenges in the workplace. \u003c/li>\u003cli>representing and interpreting current economic information and issues that are educational and useful on the job. \u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>In addition to regular articles, \u003ci>Business Economics\u003c/i> also regularly publishes the following features:\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Focus on Statistics\u003c/li>\u003cli>Focus on Industries and Markets \u003c/li>\u003cli>Economics at Work \u003c/li>\u003cli>Book Reviews\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"i","children":["Business Economics"]}," is a refereed journal that serves as an essential resource and provides practical information for people who apply economics in their jobs. It fulfils this purpose by: "]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["providing a leading forum for debating solutions to critical business problems or the analysis of key business issues. "]},{"tagName":"li","children":["providing best-practice models, tools and hands-on techniques from professionals in business. "]},{"tagName":"li","children":["representing an important channel for summaries of action-oriented analysis aimed at solving business problems. "]},{"tagName":"li","children":["giving insight into how to apply economics within business and how economic professionals respond to challenges in the workplace. "]},{"tagName":"li","children":["representing and interpreting current economic information and issues that are educational and useful on the job. "]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":["In addition to regular articles, ",{"tagName":"i","children":["Business Economics"]}," also regularly publishes the following features:"]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Focus on Statistics"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Focus on Industries and Markets "]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Economics at Work "]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Book Reviews",{"tagName":"i","children":[" "]}]}]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Submission","shortTitle":"Submission","urlSegment":"submission","html":"\u003cp>Articles should be submitted to the Business Economics online submission system at\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.editorialmanager.com/buec/default.aspx\" class=\"is-external\">https://www.editorialmanager.com/buec/default.aspx\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Please upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.\u003c/p>\u003cp>We welcome short questions or inquiries about the appropriateness of manuscripts for journal. Please send inquiries to the Editor, Charles Steindel (csteindel@nabe.com). Dr. Steindel can also be contacted at 001 201-684-7364. Upon acceptance, authors are asked to submit brief biographical sketches. These will accompany the printed article.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr/>\u003c/p>\u003ch4>Editor\u003c/h4>\u003cp>Charles Steindel\u003cbr/>\u003ca href=\"mailto:csteindel@nabe.com\" class=\"is-external\">csteindel@nabe.com\u003c/a>.\u003cbr/>Dr. Steindel can also be contacted at\u003cbr/>001 201-684-7364.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr/>\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Content guidelines\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Contributions are welcomed from those who apply economic analysis and information in their work and research. Articles can be of any reasonable length and can use mathematical and graphical material as authors deem appropriate. To be considered for publication, there must be a clear statement of why the analysis and information presented in the paper are important to business. That is, papers must pass the “So what?” test. Specific examples of how analysis or information has been used in business are welcome\u003cbr/>Business Economics readers are professionals, managers, and researchers in organizations of all sizes and kinds. Their interests—improving their performance on the job and using economics in the workplace—shape what Business Economics editors look for in reviewing submissions. Thus, articles should (a) have ideas relevant to application of economics in business, (b) offer solutions that are translatable into action, and (c) demonstrate clear thinking and expression.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Articles can cover a wide range of topics and practices in different industries, sectors, specializations, and geographic locations. Contributions are welcome from academics, consultants, practitioners, analysts, and policy makers. Contributed articles will be reviewed initially by the Editor and, if the content is deemed appropriate for Business Economics, will be forwarded anonymously for referee review.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Specific guidelines are as follows:\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Article length should be no more than necessary to cover the topic effectively for applied economics purposes. Typically, this will be significantly under 10,000 words.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Authors must state clearly at the outset of the article why and in what way the paper is important for applied economics in business. It must pass the “So what?” test.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Authors are free to use whatever mode of expression they think appropriate for communicating their techniques and findings. Graphics and mathematics are welcome. However, theoretical expositions of techniques or analysis not demonstrated to be of value in business economics applications might best be submitted to other journals\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Articles should be submitted to the Business Economics online submission system at"]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["https://www.editorialmanager.com/buec/default.aspx"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/buec/default.aspx","class":"is-external"}},"."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Please upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["We welcome short questions or inquiries about the appropriateness of manuscripts for journal. Please send inquiries to the Editor, Charles Steindel (csteindel@nabe.com). Dr. Steindel can also be contacted at 001 201-684-7364. Upon acceptance, authors are asked to submit brief biographical sketches. These will accompany the printed article."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"br"}]},{"tagName":"h4","styles":["headline"],"children":["Editor"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Charles Steindel",{"tagName":"br"},{"tagName":"a","children":["csteindel@nabe.com"],"attributes":{"href":"mailto:csteindel@nabe.com","class":"is-external"}},".",{"tagName":"br"},"Dr. Steindel can also be contacted at",{"tagName":"br"},"001 201-684-7364."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"br"}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Content guidelines"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Contributions are welcomed from those who apply economic analysis and information in their work and research. Articles can be of any reasonable length and can use mathematical and graphical material as authors deem appropriate. To be considered for publication, there must be a clear statement of why the analysis and information presented in the paper are important to business. That is, papers must pass the “So what?” test. Specific examples of how analysis or information has been used in business are welcome",{"tagName":"br"},"Business Economics readers are professionals, managers, and researchers in organizations of all sizes and kinds. Their interests—improving their performance on the job and using economics in the workplace—shape what Business Economics editors look for in reviewing submissions. Thus, articles should (a) have ideas relevant to application of economics in business, (b) offer solutions that are translatable into action, and (c) demonstrate clear thinking and expression."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Articles can cover a wide range of topics and practices in different industries, sectors, specializations, and geographic locations. Contributions are welcome from academics, consultants, practitioners, analysts, and policy makers. Contributed articles will be reviewed initially by the Editor and, if the content is deemed appropriate for Business Economics, will be forwarded anonymously for referee review."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Specific guidelines are as follows:"]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Article length should be no more than necessary to cover the topic effectively for applied economics purposes. Typically, this will be significantly under 10,000 words."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Authors must state clearly at the outset of the article why and in what way the paper is important for applied economics in business. It must pass the “So what?” test."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Authors are free to use whatever mode of expression they think appropriate for communicating their techniques and findings. Graphics and mathematics are welcome. However, theoretical expositions of techniques or analysis not demonstrated to be of value in business economics applications might best be submitted to other journals"]}]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Presentation and Formatting","shortTitle":"Presentation and Formatting","urlSegment":"presentation-formatting","html":"\u003ch3>Editorial style\u003c/h3>\u003cp>The style for Business Economics is essentially that of The Chicago Manual of Style. Refer to this publication for issues not resolved below.\u003cbr/>Please use American spelling, punctuation, and syntax.\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Commonly used Latin terms (e.g., inter alia) should not be italicized.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not simply use e.g. and i.e. throughout in place of the English phrases “for example” and “that is”; if you do use them, they should not be italicized.\u003c/li>\u003cli>If a relatively unfamiliar, non-English term (e.g., “chaebol”) will appear throughout your work, so that italicization will be cumbersome, you may choose to italicize the term and define it the first time it appears, and thereafter use Roman type.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Names of institutions or organizations (e.g., Bundestag; Goskomstat) are not italicized.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Diacritical marks should be retained in proper names and non-English words, even when they are not italicized (e.g., Poincaré, émigré, vis-à-vis, raison d’être).\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch3>Preparing your manuscript\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Please adhere to the following procedures in preparing the final version of your manuscript.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>File formatting\u003c/h3>\u003cul>\u003cli>We prefer to receive final manuscripts in Microsoft Word or in WordPerfect. Separate Excel files are acceptable for tables and figures.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Please utilize the following convention for naming your files: your surname to be followed by the element in the file (e.g., Smith-text.doc, Smith-Figure 1.doc, etc.).\u003c/li>\u003cli>We prefer that you create a separate file for each table and figure (if provided in Excel, each table should be in its own separate workbook file).\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch3>Title page information\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Please provide the following information on your title page.\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Title.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Author name(s). Author affiliation(s), institution(s) only.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Contact information for corresponding author.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Running head (right running head or RRH). Use the title, unless your title is more than 55 spaces, in which case give a shortened version. This will appear at the top of every right-hand page in your published article.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Abstract of not more than 100 words.\u003c/li>\u003cli>No fewer than two and not more than five keywords.\u003c/li>\u003cli>There must be no indication in the text, footnotes, letterhead, etc. of the author(s) identity.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Book reviews need only the review author’s name, affiliation, and contact information, plus the publication information for the reviewed book: book title, author(s)/editor(s), publisher location: publisher, year, # of front matter pages (roman numeral), # of book pages (arabic numeral), price, ISBN#.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch3>Manuscript formatting\u003c/h3>\u003cp>All formatting of your manuscript will be done by a professional typesetter, according to established Business Economics guidelines. Indeed, when preparing your manuscript for submission, please do not try to format the layout or appearance of the work yourself. The following points will make it easier for us to format your manuscript correctly:\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Use only one space after punctuation.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not leave blank lines between paragraphs unless there is a deliberate break in the text.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Use a line feed (“carriage-return” key) only to end a paragraph, not at the end of each screen line.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not use hyphenation/justification, windows, or other automatic functions in the files you send. They will not transmit properly to our computers.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not insert spaces between initials.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not use a lowercase “el” (l) for a numeral one (1).\u003c/li>\u003cli>Sections should be numbered, and subsections should not be numbered.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Section headings are in upper- and lower-case, bold, and flush left. Subheadings are upper- and lower-case, flush left and italicized. Further subheadings are in upper- and lower-case, and indented. The text then begins on the same line, immediately following the further subheadings.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Headings, subheadings, and titles of tables, figures, etc., should be brief but informative, parallel in construction, and in a consistent style. As a group, the headings and subheadings should give a clear outline of the structure of the work and its parts. Superscript note numbers or asterisks should never appear in a title heading, or subheading.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch3>Math symbols and equations\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Dealing with math symbols and equations is one of the most difficult jobs for the typesetter. Please follow the guidelines below carefully.\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Differentiate between math symbols in the text and mere abbreviations that are not math symbols.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Italicize all variables in equations and in the text.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Matrix notation, vectors, and determinants are usually shown in boldface Roman type. Example: Let D represent the submatrix.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Refer to all equations in the text as “equation (#)”. Do not abbreviate equation as eq.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Equations embedded in the text should be written in linear style, using a solidux (/) to denote fractions whenever possible. That is, equations embedded in the text should not alter the text’s vertical spacing. Equations that are displayed separately from the text should be written in conventional mathematical style.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch3>Quotations\u003c/h3>\u003cp>When using quotations from published sources, please follow exactly the spelling and other conventions of the original. Please place interpolations (comments you insert that are not part of the quotation) in square brackets, not parentheses. Indicate internal omissions with ellipsis points; do not use ellipsis points at the beginning or end of a quote.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Quotations need to be identified by source. Direct quotations are enclosed within double quotation marks; quotations within quotations are enclosed in single quotation marks. Commas and periods go inside the close quote (,” .”), colons and semicolons outside (”: ”;). A question mark or exclamation point belongs inside the close quote if it is part of the quotation. A superscript note number follows the close quote, but proper placement of punctuation marks will vary: (“xx xxxxx”),2 “xx xxxxx”;3 “xx xxxxx,”4; and “xx xxxxx.”5\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Citations and notes\u003c/h3>\u003cp>A citation is used when the reader is being referred to a given work, or to identify more fully a work the author has mentioned. If any discussion is included, then this requires a note rather than a citation and should include the reference in brackets where needed within the note.\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>References cited within the text must be referred to by author’s last name and date of publication placed in brackets, not parentheses. If you prefer that the cited author’s name not be placed inside the brackets, reword your sentence so that the author’s name can be gracefully worked into the text. Then follow it with the publication date in brackets. Separate references by semi-colons. If a reference comes at the end of a sentence, the period follows the bracket. Every publication or unpublished manuscript mentioned must be listed in the References list and cited, when mentioned, in this manner.\u003c/li>\u003cli>All notes to the text are formatted as numbered notes (using arabic numerals, not roman numerals) to appear at the foot of the specific page. Show note numbers within the text with a superscript. The superscript note number is best placed at the end of a clause, sentence, or quotation, outside the punctuation. Superscripts should never appear in chapter titles or subheads.\u003c/li>\u003cli>We prefer that the final version of your manuscript not use the autoformatting in MS Word with regards to both numbering and endnote location.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not incorporate notes belonging to tables or figures into the sequence of numbered notes, as the exact placement of these elements will not be fixed until the text is typeset.\u003c/li>\u003cli>A credit (or acknowledgment) note is unnumbered. It should be placed before the numbered endnotes.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Use the same short-form citation for nonsequential references to a previously cited source (rather than op cit.).\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch4>Sample citations as they should appear in the text\u003c/h4>\u003cp>Samuelson (1959) uses this technique.\u003c/p>\u003cp>(If the author’s name appears in the text, only the date and appropriate page numbers need to be bracketed.)\u003c/p>\u003cp>The data reveal several inconsistencies (Smith 1985, 1987).\u003c/p>\u003cp>(Multiple references by the same author are shown by listing the name once, followed by appropriate dates, separated by a comma  for each reference.)\u003c/p>\u003cp>We found similar results in several earlier studies (Black 1990, Ch. 2; White 1983, pp. 116-76).\u003c/p>\u003cp>(If chapter and/or page numbers are given, separate from date by comma. Identify chapter by the abbreviation \" Ch.\" Identify page numbers by p. or pp.)\u003c/p>\u003cp>Studies confirm our results (Black (1929) 1982, p. 3)\u003c/p>\u003cp>(Citation of a new edition (1982) of an older work (1929) should include both publication dates.)\u003c/p>\u003cp>Many authors have found similar results (e.g., Rogers 1955, Bates 1969, Autry 1973).\u003cbr/>(Citation is to a non-inclusive sampling of works. Do not overdo the use of e.g., however. See below)\u003c/p>\u003ch4>Sample citations constructs to avoid if possible:\u003c/h4>\u003cp>The data reveal several inconsistencies (see Smith 1985, p. 132).\u003cbr/>(The word “see” is usually extraneous. Some authors tend to do this with nearly all citations. This is an affectation.)\u003cbr/>The data reveal several inconsistencies (e.g., Smith 1985, p. 132).\u003cbr/>(Again the “e.g.” is usually extraneous.)\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Acknowledgements\u003c/h3>\u003cp>The authors wish to thank Marshall Smith and Robinson Friedman for helpful discussion and suggestions.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>References\u003c/h3>\u003cul>\u003cli>Do not indent references.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Arrange references alphabetically with the first (or only) author’s last name first, then name and middle initial or middle name. Only the name of the first author in a multiauthor entry is inverted.\u003c/li>\u003cli>If more than one work by the same author is cited, arrange them chronologically, earliest first. For multiple works within the same year, give the year a suffix a, b, c …. The name of the author(s) is deleted after the first mention and replaced by 12 long underscores or a 3-em dash followed by a period.\u003c/li>\u003cli>References must contain all necessary bibliographic information for our journal style. Examples follow below for how to treat the most common forms of references. If you have a document that does not appear to fit any of the following examples, please give sufficient data to enable a reader to locate the document.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Permitted variations: ◦if an issue number is not available for an article, it is not required; you can also use month or season instead;\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>the access date for a webpage need not be included;\u003cbr/>if you can’t determine the author, then list the owner of the site;\u003cbr/>if the site title is missing, use a descriptive phrase;\u003cbr/>an article in a conference proceedings volume should be treated like a chapter in a multi-author (or edited) book;\u003cbr/>brochures and pamphlets can be treated as books.\u003cbr/>Advance Online Publication:\u003c/p>\u003cp>Bullard, James. 2009. “An article published online in advance of print.” Business Economics, advance online publication 23 May, doi:10.1057/be.2009.5.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Sample References\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Bradley, Omar N., and George S. Patton Jr. 1942. The Relative Economic Efficiency of Tanks. \u003cem>Economic Enquiry\u003c/em>, 23(1): 1-85.\u003cbr/>Brain, James. 1980. \u003cem>Book He Wrote\u003c/em>. New York: Brown and Company.\u003cbr/>Brainier, Jane, ed. 1976. \u003cem>Book She Edited\u003c/em>. New York: Black and Company.\u003cbr/>Brainiest, Judson. 1962. \u003cem>Book Edited for Him\u003c/em> (Michael Jevons, ed) . New York: Brown and Company.\u003cbr/>Calvin, John. 1965. \u003cem>His Book in a Series\u003c/em>, Title of Series. Geneva: Brown and Company.\u003cbr/>____________. 1968. \u003cem>His Work in a Later Edition\u003c/em> (2nd ed). Geneva: Brown and Company.\u003cbr/>____________. 1981. His Chapter in a Cooperative Work, in \u003cem>Title of Work \u003c/em> (John Kenneth Galbraith, ed). Boston: Brown and Company.\u003cbr/>Calvin, John, and Jerry Falwell. 1980. \u003cem>Economics and the Protestant Ethic\u003c/em>. Geneva: Brown and Company.\u003cbr/>Kimmelman, Michael. 2005a. Abstract Art’s New World, Forged for All. \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> (June 7).\u003c/p>\u003cp>____________. 2005b. Risks and Rewards of Art in the Open. \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> (Aug 19): E-31.\u003cbr/>\u003cem>Newsweek\u003c/em>. 2002. Perspectives. (May 20): 53.\u003cbr/>Newman, Alfred E. 2003. \u003cem>Voodoo Economics\u003c/em>. Lecture at the Univesity of Eastlandia, November 17.\u003cbr/>____________. forthcoming. Economics of Zany Comics. \u003cem>Eastern Economic Journal\u003c/em>.\u003cbr/>Princeton University. 2000. Serra’s Arcs Shift Time and Space. Princeton (alumni newsletter published by the University’s Office of Development Communications), Summer, 7.\u003cbr/>U. S. Senate. 1917. \u003cem>Committee on Public Lands. Leasing of Oil Lands\u003c/em>. 65th Cong., 1st sess.\u003cbr/>Websiter, Webster. 1997. \u003cem>Wy Jonny Cant Spel\u003c/em>. Sitename, url (accessed January 7, 2006; site now discontinued).\u003cbr/>Worker, John Q. and R.D. Rester. 2001. \u003cem>Work and Leisure\u003c/em>. NBER Working Paper No.\u003cbr/>710210,: National Bureau of Economic Research.\u003cbr/>Zizzerzazzer, Zuzz. 2007. Email message to author, April 17.\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Editorial style"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The style for Business Economics is essentially that of The Chicago Manual of Style. 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They will not transmit properly to our computers."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Do not insert spaces between initials."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Do not use a lowercase “el” (l) for a numeral one (1)."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Sections should be numbered, and subsections should not be numbered."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Section headings are in upper- and lower-case, bold, and flush left. Subheadings are upper- and lower-case, flush left and italicized. Further subheadings are in upper- and lower-case, and indented. The text then begins on the same line, immediately following the further subheadings."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Headings, subheadings, and titles of tables, figures, etc., should be brief but informative, parallel in construction, and in a consistent style. As a group, the headings and subheadings should give a clear outline of the structure of the work and its parts. Superscript note numbers or asterisks should never appear in a title heading, or subheading."]}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Math symbols and equations"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Dealing with math symbols and equations is one of the most difficult jobs for the typesetter. Please follow the guidelines below carefully."]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Differentiate between math symbols in the text and mere abbreviations that are not math symbols."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Italicize all variables in equations and in the text."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Matrix notation, vectors, and determinants are usually shown in boldface Roman type. Example: Let D represent the submatrix."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Refer to all equations in the text as “equation (#)”. Do not abbreviate equation as eq."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Equations embedded in the text should be written in linear style, using a solidux (/) to denote fractions whenever possible. That is, equations embedded in the text should not alter the text’s vertical spacing. Equations that are displayed separately from the text should be written in conventional mathematical style."]}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Quotations"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["When using quotations from published sources, please follow exactly the spelling and other conventions of the original. Please place interpolations (comments you insert that are not part of the quotation) in square brackets, not parentheses. Indicate internal omissions with ellipsis points; do not use ellipsis points at the beginning or end of a quote."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Quotations need to be identified by source. Direct quotations are enclosed within double quotation marks; quotations within quotations are enclosed in single quotation marks. Commas and periods go inside the close quote (,” .”), colons and semicolons outside (”: ”;). A question mark or exclamation point belongs inside the close quote if it is part of the quotation. A superscript note number follows the close quote, but proper placement of punctuation marks will vary: (“xx xxxxx”),2 “xx xxxxx”;3 “xx xxxxx,”4; and “xx xxxxx.”5"]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Citations and notes"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["A citation is used when the reader is being referred to a given work, or to identify more fully a work the author has mentioned. If any discussion is included, then this requires a note rather than a citation and should include the reference in brackets where needed within the note."]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["References cited within the text must be referred to by author’s last name and date of publication placed in brackets, not parentheses. If you prefer that the cited author’s name not be placed inside the brackets, reword your sentence so that the author’s name can be gracefully worked into the text. Then follow it with the publication date in brackets. Separate references by semi-colons. If a reference comes at the end of a sentence, the period follows the bracket. Every publication or unpublished manuscript mentioned must be listed in the References list and cited, when mentioned, in this manner."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["All notes to the text are formatted as numbered notes (using arabic numerals, not roman numerals) to appear at the foot of the specific page. Show note numbers within the text with a superscript. The superscript note number is best placed at the end of a clause, sentence, or quotation, outside the punctuation. Superscripts should never appear in chapter titles or subheads."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["We prefer that the final version of your manuscript not use the autoformatting in MS Word with regards to both numbering and endnote location."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Do not incorporate notes belonging to tables or figures into the sequence of numbered notes, as the exact placement of these elements will not be fixed until the text is typeset."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["A credit (or acknowledgment) note is unnumbered. It should be placed before the numbered endnotes."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Use the same short-form citation for nonsequential references to a previously cited source (rather than op cit.)."]}]},{"tagName":"h4","styles":["headline"],"children":["Sample citations as they should appear in the text"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Samuelson (1959) uses this technique."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["(If the author’s name appears in the text, only the date and appropriate page numbers need to be bracketed.)"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The data reveal several inconsistencies (Smith 1985, 1987)."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["(Multiple references by the same author are shown by listing the name once, followed by appropriate dates, separated by a comma  for each reference.)"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["We found similar results in several earlier studies (Black 1990, Ch. 2; White 1983, pp. 116-76)."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["(If chapter and/or page numbers are given, separate from date by comma. Identify chapter by the abbreviation \" Ch.\" Identify page numbers by p. or pp.)"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Studies confirm our results (Black (1929) 1982, p. 3)"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["(Citation of a new edition (1982) of an older work (1929) should include both publication dates.)"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Many authors have found similar results (e.g., Rogers 1955, Bates 1969, Autry 1973).",{"tagName":"br"},"(Citation is to a non-inclusive sampling of works. Do not overdo the use of e.g., however. See below)"]},{"tagName":"h4","styles":["headline"],"children":["Sample citations constructs to avoid if possible:"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The data reveal several inconsistencies (see Smith 1985, p. 132).",{"tagName":"br"},"(The word “see” is usually extraneous. Some authors tend to do this with nearly all citations. This is an affectation.)",{"tagName":"br"},"The data reveal several inconsistencies (e.g., Smith 1985, p. 132).",{"tagName":"br"},"(Again the “e.g.” is usually extraneous.)"]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Acknowledgements"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The authors wish to thank Marshall Smith and Robinson Friedman for helpful discussion and suggestions."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["References"]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Do not indent references."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Arrange references alphabetically with the first (or only) author’s last name first, then name and middle initial or middle name. Only the name of the first author in a multiauthor entry is inverted."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["If more than one work by the same author is cited, arrange them chronologically, earliest first. For multiple works within the same year, give the year a suffix a, b, c …. The name of the author(s) is deleted after the first mention and replaced by 12 long underscores or a 3-em dash followed by a period."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["References must contain all necessary bibliographic information for our journal style. Examples follow below for how to treat the most common forms of references. If you have a document that does not appear to fit any of the following examples, please give sufficient data to enable a reader to locate the document."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Permitted variations: ◦if an issue number is not available for an article, it is not required; you can also use month or season instead;"]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":["the access date for a webpage need not be included;",{"tagName":"br"},"if you can’t determine the author, then list the owner of the site;",{"tagName":"br"},"if the site title is missing, use a descriptive phrase;",{"tagName":"br"},"an article in a conference proceedings volume should be treated like a chapter in a multi-author (or edited) book;",{"tagName":"br"},"brochures and pamphlets can be treated as books.",{"tagName":"br"},"Advance Online Publication:"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Bullard, James. 2009. “An article published online in advance of print.” Business Economics, advance online publication 23 May, doi:10.1057/be.2009.5."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Sample References"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Bradley, Omar N., and George S. Patton Jr. 1942. The Relative Economic Efficiency of Tanks. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Economic Enquiry"]},", 23(1): 1-85.",{"tagName":"br"},"Brain, James. 1980. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Book He Wrote"]},". New York: Brown and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"Brainier, Jane, ed. 1976. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Book She Edited"]},". New York: Black and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"Brainiest, Judson. 1962. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Book Edited for Him"]}," (Michael Jevons, ed) . New York: Brown and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"Calvin, John. 1965. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["His Book in a Series"]},", Title of Series. Geneva: Brown and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"____________. 1968. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["His Work in a Later Edition"]}," (2nd ed). Geneva: Brown and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"____________. 1981. His Chapter in a Cooperative Work, in ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Title of Work "]}," (John Kenneth Galbraith, ed). Boston: Brown and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"Calvin, John, and Jerry Falwell. 1980. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Economics and the Protestant Ethic"]},". Geneva: Brown and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"Kimmelman, Michael. 2005a. Abstract Art’s New World, Forged for All. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["New York Times"]}," (June 7)."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["____________. 2005b. Risks and Rewards of Art in the Open. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["New York Times"]}," (Aug 19): E-31.",{"tagName":"br"},{"tagName":"em","children":["Newsweek"]},". 2002. Perspectives. (May 20): 53.",{"tagName":"br"},"Newman, Alfred E. 2003. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Voodoo Economics"]},". Lecture at the Univesity of Eastlandia, November 17.",{"tagName":"br"},"____________. forthcoming. Economics of Zany Comics. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Eastern Economic Journal"]},".",{"tagName":"br"},"Princeton University. 2000. Serra’s Arcs Shift Time and Space. Princeton (alumni newsletter published by the University’s Office of Development Communications), Summer, 7.",{"tagName":"br"},"U. S. Senate. 1917. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Committee on Public Lands. Leasing of Oil Lands"]},". 65th Cong., 1st sess.",{"tagName":"br"},"Websiter, Webster. 1997. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Wy Jonny Cant Spel"]},". Sitename, url (accessed January 7, 2006; site now discontinued).",{"tagName":"br"},"Worker, John Q. and R.D. Rester. 2001. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Work and Leisure"]},". NBER Working Paper No.",{"tagName":"br"},"710210,: National Bureau of Economic Research.",{"tagName":"br"},"Zizzerzazzer, Zuzz. 2007. Email message to author, April 17."]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Tables and Figures","shortTitle":"Tables and Figures","urlSegment":"submission-of-manuscripts","html":"\u003cp>Please do not embed these elements in the flow of the text in your manuscript. We prefer that they be provided in separate files. Only a “call-out” should appear in the text to indicate placement, such as ⟨⟨Table 2 here⟩⟩ below the paragraph in which the item is called out. Use Arial, Helvetica, or Times Roman font in all your figures.\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Refer to all figures and tables in the text by Figure 1, 2, 3... and Table 1, 2, 3..\u003c/li>\u003cli>A further title for each table and figure is required.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not use the table editor to create tables.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Computer printouts are not acceptable as table copy.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Figures and tables are not published in color – please ensure they are accurate in black and white. Authors can however, if they wish, pay to have color reproduction.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Separate data in table columns by tabs, not spaces.\u003c/li>\u003cli>In statistical matter throughout (including tables): ◦dots (…) indicate that the data are not available;\u003c/li>\u003cli>a dash (—) indicates that the figure is zero or less than half the final digit shown, or that the item does not exist;\u003c/li>\u003cli>a single dot (.) indicates decimals;\u003c/li>\u003cli>a comma (,) separates thousands and millions;\u003c/li>\u003cli>“billion” means a thousand million; and “trillion” means a thousand billion;\u003c/li>\u003cli>a short dash (–) is used between years or months (for example, 1998-99 or January-June) to indicate a total of the years or months inclusive of the beginning and ending years or months;\u003c/li>\u003cli>a slash (/) is used between years (for example, 1998/99) to indicate a fiscal year or a crop year; and\u003c/li>\u003cli>components of tables may not add to totals shown because of rounding.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Please do not embed these elements in the flow of the text in your manuscript. We prefer that they be provided in separate files. Only a “call-out” should appear in the text to indicate placement, such as ⟨⟨Table 2 here⟩⟩ below the paragraph in which the item is called out. Use Arial, Helvetica, or Times Roman font in all your figures."]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Refer to all figures and tables in the text by Figure 1, 2, 3... and Table 1, 2, 3.."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["A further title for each table and figure is required."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Do not use the table editor to create tables."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Computer printouts are not acceptable as table copy."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Figures and tables are not published in color – please ensure they are accurate in black and white. Authors can however, if they wish, pay to have color reproduction."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Separate data in table columns by tabs, not spaces."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["In statistical matter throughout (including tables): ◦dots (…) indicate that the data are not available;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["a dash (—) indicates that the figure is zero or less than half the final digit shown, or that the item does not exist;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["a single dot (.) indicates decimals;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["a comma (,) separates thousands and millions;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["“billion” means a thousand million; and “trillion” means a thousand billion;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["a short dash (–) is used between years or months (for example, 1998-99 or January-June) to indicate a total of the years or months inclusive of the beginning and ending years or months;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["a slash (/) is used between years (for example, 1998/99) to indicate a fiscal year or a crop year; and"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["components of tables may not add to totals shown because of rounding."]}]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Artwork Guidelines ","shortTitle":"Artwork Guidelines ","urlSegment":"artwork-guidelines","html":"\u003cp>This guide is to assist authors whose manuscripts have been accepted for publication by Palgrave Macmillan. It will help you to prepare artwork so that it will be processed as quickly and smoothly as possible, and give the best possible results in the final printed version. Please follow these instructions carefully.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>File formats\u003c/h3>\u003ch4>We prefer:\u003c/h4>\u003ctable class=\"Table\">\u003ctbody>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Format\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Resolution/Notes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Adobe Illustrator or Encapsulated PostScript (*.AI or *.EPS)\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>For vector and composite images: minimum resolution for bitmap content of 300dpi (dots per inch) at final printed size. Fonts to be included.\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Adobe Photoshop (*.PSD)\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Please supply with any layers intact.\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003c/tbody>\u003c/table>\u003ch4>We can accept:\u003c/h4>\u003ctable>\u003ctbody>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cstrong>Format\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cstrong>Resolution/Notes\u003c/strong>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>TIFF\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Minimum resolution of 300dpi at the size the image is to appear in print. If the figure contains text minimum resolution is 400dpi and 600dpi where it contains small text or other fine detail. Compress only if file size is large.\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>MS Word, MS PowerPoint, MS Excel\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Minimum resolution of 300dpi for halftone images and 1000dpi for line art. Generate postscript files by using ‘Print to file’. To do this, open the image in its native application, go into the ‘print’ menu and change the destination from ‘printer’ to ‘file’ (or click on ‘print to file’). This will write a Postscript (.ps or .prn) file.\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>JPEG\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Minimum resolution of 300dpi (72dpi files are not useable) at the size the image is to appear in print. If the figure contains text minimum resolution is 400dpi and 600dpi where it contains small text or other fine detail. Compress only if file size large. Please supply the highest possible quality (between 10 and 12) to prevent reduction of quality.\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Acrobat PDF\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Use ‘Print PDF’ or ‘Press PDF’ settings. Always use embed fonts option in the job options setting (fonts tab). For composite images – min. resolution of 300dpi at final printed size.\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>PICT\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Minimum resolution of 300dpi (72dpi files are not useable) at the size the image is to appear in print. If the figure contains text, minimum resolution is 400dpi, and 600dpi where it contains small text or other fine detail. Compress only if file size is large.\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Canvas version 9\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>-\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>DeltaGraph version 5.6\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>-\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Sigma Plot 9\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>-\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003c/tbody>\u003c/table>\u003cp>We \u003cstrong>cannot\u003c/strong> accept: Canvas before version 3.5, DeltaGraph before version 5.6. Where manuscripts are submitted as TeΧ files, we accept graphics in EPS or TIF formats.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Image types\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Raster formats (bitmapped images) are best suited to photographs and scans (we prefer Photoshop or TIFF files). Line (or vector) formats are best for graphs and schematic diagrams.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Colour artwork\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Some, but not all, Palgrave Macmillan journals publish colour artwork. For these journals, remember that there is a charge for reproducing print figures in colour, so if colour is not a significant element in your figures, we recommend that you supply them in a greyscale format (Excel bar graphs, for example), or indicate clearly that greyscale reproduction is acceptable. Otherwise, we may send you a form detailing the applicable colour charges, and asking you to confirm whether you want to proceed with colour printing.\u003c/p>\u003cp>The colour printing process requires files to be in CMYK format.\u003c/p>\u003cp>We prefer authors to convert their artwork to CMYK format before submission – this means that the author can approve any change in colour that occurs during the conversion process.\u003c/p>\u003cp>However, conversion from RGB to CMYK is very critical and depends upon profiles, so if you are not well versed with conversion, please supply the RGB files. We will convert these with standard profiles, so as to minimize the loss in colours.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Presentation of figures\u003c/h3>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lettering should be:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>In a sans serif typeface (preferably Helvetica or Arial)\u003c/li>\u003cli>In the same typeface throughout\u003c/li>\u003cli>Not placed directly over images or shaded areas\u003c/li>\u003cli>Bold upright (not italic) and lowercase when labelling multipart figures\u003c/li>\u003cli>Between 6 and 8 point for labels\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Figure sizing should:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Be as small as possible (for reasons of space in the journal)\u003c/li>\u003cli>Be supplied in a comparable size to similar figures in printed issues of the journal\u003c/li>\u003cli>Be able to fit into a single column of the printed journal wherever possible\u003c/li>\u003cli>Be able to be reduced significantly without loss of quality wherever possible\u003c/li>\u003cli>Ensure that lettering will remain readable after reduction (avoid large type or thick lines) – we recommend that lines are between 0.5 and 1 point\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch3 class=\"flapHead hideContent\">Terminology\u003c/h3>\u003cp class=\"flapContent\">\u003cstrong>BITMAP:\u003c/strong> Any image that’s made up of a grid of dots: typically photos from digital cameras, scanned images, and screenshots are bitmaps. Painting and imageediting applications such as Photoshop and Paint Shop Pro produce bitmap images. Bitmaps are resolution dependent, which means a particular level of detail was saved when they were first created, and if you then try to enlarge them, they will start to look blocky and jagged. Some bitmap file formats such as JPG use compression to reduce the file size; this can also result in blockiness and loss of detail: therefore, please avoid compression settings unless the file sizes are getting too big to transfer with ease. Some common bitmap file formats: TIFF, BMP, JPG, PNG.\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"flapContent\">\u003cstrong>COMPOSITE: \u003c/strong>A type of file format that can store both bitmap and vector image data. EPS files are the most common type of composite image. Photoshop PSD files are bitmap-based but can also store vector data such as editable text. Illustrator and CorelDraw files are vector-based but can also store bitmap data.\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"flapContent\">\u003cstrong>D.P.I.:\u003c/strong> Dots per inch: the usual measure of resolution for bitmap images.\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"flapContent\">\u003cstrong>RASTER:\u003c/strong> same as bitmap\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"flapContent\">\u003cstrong>RESOLUTION:\u003c/strong> The level of detail stored in a bitmap image. When you first take a digital photo or scan a document, you should get a chance to choose the resolution. Higher resolution results in a larger file, but looks much better when printed. We ask that you create images with a resolution of at least 300 d.p.i. where possible. Images copied from web pages are only 72 d.p.i. and can look very blocky when printed; we therefore recommend that you only use these when absolutely unavoidable: when the figure is specifically depicting a web page, for example. In other instances, it’s always worth contacting the owner of the website in question to ask whether the image is also available in another format.\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"flapContent\">\u003cstrong>VECTOR:\u003c/strong> An image that is made up of separate elements such as lines, boxes and text, which are individually editable: line graphs, flow charts, schematic diagrams are best saved as vector files. Files created by drawing packages such as Illustrator, AutoCAD or Visio for example, or diagrams created using Word or PowerPoint’s native drawing tools. Vector images are resolution independent, which means you can scale them up or down without loss of detail. Some common vector file formats: WMF, EMF.\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["This guide is to assist authors whose manuscripts have been accepted for publication by Palgrave Macmillan. It will help you to prepare artwork so that it will be processed as quickly and smoothly as possible, and give the best possible results in the final printed version. Please follow these instructions carefully."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["File formats"]},{"tagName":"h4","styles":["headline"],"children":["We prefer:"]},{"tagName":"table","children":[{"tagName":"tbody","children":[{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Format"]}]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Resolution/Notes"]}]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Adobe Illustrator or Encapsulated PostScript (*.AI or *.EPS)"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["For vector and composite images: minimum resolution for bitmap content of 300dpi (dots per inch) at final printed size. Fonts to be included."]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Adobe Photoshop (*.PSD)"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Please supply with any layers intact."]}]}]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"Table"}},{"tagName":"h4","styles":["headline"],"children":["We can accept:"]},{"tagName":"table","children":[{"tagName":"tbody","children":[{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Format"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Resolution/Notes"]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["TIFF"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Minimum resolution of 300dpi at the size the image is to appear in print. If the figure contains text minimum resolution is 400dpi and 600dpi where it contains small text or other fine detail. Compress only if file size is large."]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["MS Word, MS PowerPoint, MS Excel"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Minimum resolution of 300dpi for halftone images and 1000dpi for line art. Generate postscript files by using ‘Print to file’. To do this, open the image in its native application, go into the ‘print’ menu and change the destination from ‘printer’ to ‘file’ (or click on ‘print to file’). This will write a Postscript (.ps or .prn) file."]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["JPEG"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Minimum resolution of 300dpi (72dpi files are not useable) at the size the image is to appear in print. If the figure contains text minimum resolution is 400dpi and 600dpi where it contains small text or other fine detail. Compress only if file size large. Please supply the highest possible quality (between 10 and 12) to prevent reduction of quality."]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Acrobat PDF"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Use ‘Print PDF’ or ‘Press PDF’ settings. Always use embed fonts option in the job options setting (fonts tab). For composite images – min. resolution of 300dpi at final printed size."]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["PICT"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Minimum resolution of 300dpi (72dpi files are not useable) at the size the image is to appear in print. If the figure contains text, minimum resolution is 400dpi, and 600dpi where it contains small text or other fine detail. Compress only if file size is large."]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Canvas version 9"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["-"]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["DeltaGraph version 5.6"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["-"]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Sigma Plot 9"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["-"]}]}]}]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":["We ",{"tagName":"strong","children":["cannot"]}," accept: Canvas before version 3.5, DeltaGraph before version 5.6. Where manuscripts are submitted as TeΧ files, we accept graphics in EPS or TIF formats."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Image types"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Raster formats (bitmapped images) are best suited to photographs and scans (we prefer Photoshop or TIFF files). Line (or vector) formats are best for graphs and schematic diagrams."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Colour artwork"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Some, but not all, Palgrave Macmillan journals publish colour artwork. For these journals, remember that there is a charge for reproducing print figures in colour, so if colour is not a significant element in your figures, we recommend that you supply them in a greyscale format (Excel bar graphs, for example), or indicate clearly that greyscale reproduction is acceptable. Otherwise, we may send you a form detailing the applicable colour charges, and asking you to confirm whether you want to proceed with colour printing."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The colour printing process requires files to be in CMYK format."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["We prefer authors to convert their artwork to CMYK format before submission – this means that the author can approve any change in colour that occurs during the conversion process."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["However, conversion from RGB to CMYK is very critical and depends upon profiles, so if you are not well versed with conversion, please supply the RGB files. We will convert these with standard profiles, so as to minimize the loss in colours."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Presentation of figures"]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Lettering should be:"]}]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["In a sans serif typeface (preferably Helvetica or Arial)"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["In the same typeface throughout"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Not placed directly over images or shaded areas"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Bold upright (not italic) and lowercase when labelling multipart figures"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Between 6 and 8 point for labels"]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Figure sizing should:"]}]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Be as small as possible (for reasons of space in the journal)"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Be supplied in a comparable size to similar figures in printed issues of the journal"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Be able to fit into a single column of the printed journal wherever possible"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Be able to be reduced significantly without loss of quality wherever possible"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Ensure that lettering will remain readable after reduction (avoid large type or thick lines) – we recommend that lines are between 0.5 and 1 point"]}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"events":{"click":[{"name":"toggle","data":{}}]},"children":["Terminology"],"attributes":{"class":"flapHead hideContent"}},{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"collapsible-wrapper"},"children":[{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["BITMAP:"]}," Any image that’s made up of a grid of dots: typically photos from digital cameras, scanned images, and screenshots are bitmaps. Painting and imageediting applications such as Photoshop and Paint Shop Pro produce bitmap images. Bitmaps are resolution dependent, which means a particular level of detail was saved when they were first created, and if you then try to enlarge them, they will start to look blocky and jagged. Some bitmap file formats such as JPG use compression to reduce the file size; this can also result in blockiness and loss of detail: therefore, please avoid compression settings unless the file sizes are getting too big to transfer with ease. Some common bitmap file formats: TIFF, BMP, JPG, PNG."],"attributes":{"class":"flapContent"}},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["COMPOSITE: "]},"A type of file format that can store both bitmap and vector image data. EPS files are the most common type of composite image. Photoshop PSD files are bitmap-based but can also store vector data such as editable text. Illustrator and CorelDraw files are vector-based but can also store bitmap data."],"attributes":{"class":"flapContent"}},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["D.P.I.:"]}," Dots per inch: the usual measure of resolution for bitmap images."],"attributes":{"class":"flapContent"}},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["RASTER:"]}," same as bitmap"],"attributes":{"class":"flapContent"}},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["RESOLUTION:"]}," The level of detail stored in a bitmap image. When you first take a digital photo or scan a document, you should get a chance to choose the resolution. Higher resolution results in a larger file, but looks much better when printed. We ask that you create images with a resolution of at least 300 d.p.i. where possible. Images copied from web pages are only 72 d.p.i. and can look very blocky when printed; we therefore recommend that you only use these when absolutely unavoidable: when the figure is specifically depicting a web page, for example. In other instances, it’s always worth contacting the owner of the website in question to ask whether the image is also available in another format."],"attributes":{"class":"flapContent"}},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["VECTOR:"]}," An image that is made up of separate elements such as lines, boxes and text, which are individually editable: line graphs, flow charts, schematic diagrams are best saved as vector files. Files created by drawing packages such as Illustrator, AutoCAD or Visio for example, or diagrams created using Word or PowerPoint’s native drawing tools. Vector images are resolution independent, which means you can scale them up or down without loss of detail. Some common vector file formats: WMF, EMF."],"attributes":{"class":"flapContent"}}]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Copyright and Permissions","shortTitle":"Copyright and Permissions","urlSegment":"copyright-permissions","html":"\u003ch3>Reproducing copyrighted material in articles – clearing permissions\u003c/h3>\u003cp>The author bears the responsibility for checking whether material submitted is subject to copyright or ownership rights, e.g. figures, tables, photographs, illustrations, trade literature and data. The author will need to obtain permission to reproduce any such items, and include these permissions with their final submission. Where use is so restricted, the Editor/editorial office and Publisher must be informed with the final submission of the material. Please see further guidance on the use of 3rd party materials below. Please add any necessary acknowledgments to the typescript, preferably in the form of an Acknowledgments section at the end of the paper. Credit the source and copyright of photographs, figures, illustrations etc. in the accompanying captions.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"/cn/palgrave/journal-authors/rights-permissions/10052490\" target=\"_blank\">Using 3rd party material in your article\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Copyright of subscription content\u003c/h3>\u003cp>When publishing via the subscription route, it is our policy to ask all contributors to transfer the copyright in their contribution to the journal owner. There are two broad reasons for this:\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>ownership of copyright by the journal owner facilitates international protection against infringement of copyright, libel or plagiarism;\u003c/li>\u003cli>it also ensures that requests by third parties to reprint or reproduce a contribution, or part of it, in either print or electronic form, are handled efficiently in accordance with our general policy which encourages dissemination of knowledge within the framework of copyright.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>As an author and contributor you retain many rights. These are detailed at the link below. The journal mandates the Copyright Clearance Center in the USA and the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK to offer centralized licensing arrangements for photocopying in their respective territories.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"/cn/palgrave/journal-authors/rights-permissions/10052490\" target=\"_blank\">Retained rights\u003c/a>\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Reproducing copyrighted material in articles – clearing permissions"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The author bears the responsibility for checking whether material submitted is subject to copyright or ownership rights, e.g. figures, tables, photographs, illustrations, trade literature and data. The author will need to obtain permission to reproduce any such items, and include these permissions with their final submission. Where use is so restricted, the Editor/editorial office and Publisher must be informed with the final submission of the material. Please see further guidance on the use of 3rd party materials below. Please add any necessary acknowledgments to the typescript, preferably in the form of an Acknowledgments section at the end of the paper. Credit the source and copyright of photographs, figures, illustrations etc. in the accompanying captions."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["Using 3rd party material in your article"],"attributes":{"href":"/cn/palgrave/journal-authors/rights-permissions/10052490","target":"_blank"}}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Copyright of subscription content"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["When publishing via the subscription route, it is our policy to ask all contributors to transfer the copyright in their contribution to the journal owner. There are two broad reasons for this:"]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["ownership of copyright by the journal owner facilitates international protection against infringement of copyright, libel or plagiarism;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["it also ensures that requests by third parties to reprint or reproduce a contribution, or part of it, in either print or electronic form, are handled efficiently in accordance with our general policy which encourages dissemination of knowledge within the framework of copyright."]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":["As an author and contributor you retain many rights. These are detailed at the link below. The journal mandates the Copyright Clearance Center in the USA and the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK to offer centralized licensing arrangements for photocopying in their respective territories."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["Retained rights"],"attributes":{"href":"/cn/palgrave/journal-authors/rights-permissions/10052490","target":"_blank"}}]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Ethics Policy","shortTitle":"Ethics Policy","urlSegment":"ethics-policy","html":"\u003cp>This journal, via its publisher Palgrave Macmillan, is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). COPE’s mission is to promote integrity in scholarly research and its publication, and the journal strives to uphold ethical principles across all its processes.\u003c/p>\u003cp>The journal expects all prospective authors to read and understand the Ethics Policy of the journal and its Publisher, Palgrave Macmillan, before submitting any manuscript to this journal. This policy details the responsibilities of all authors, editors and reviewers working with and for Palgrave Macmillan Journals as well as the journal’s own ethical responsibilities. This includes, but is not limited to, plagiarism, falsification of data, misuse of third-party material, fabrication of results and fraudulent authorship.\u003c/p>\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This journal does not charge for the submission of manuscripts to the journal.\u003c/p>\u003cp>The manuscript review process is handled via a manuscript management platform called Editorial Manager. All the steps taken in the review process, and all communications around the review of a manuscript, are typically logged on Editorial Manager, for ease of use and transparency. Not all journals follow this, please refer to the specific journal for instructions.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Manuscripts submitted to the journal are subject to checks using iThenticate to detect instances of overlapping and similar text. The iThenticate software checks submissions against millions of published research papers, documents on the web, and other relevant sources. If plagiarism or misconduct is found, consequences are detailed in Palgrave’s Ethics Policy.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Upon submission, authors are asked to state any conflicts of interest around their research. The order of authors for a manuscript needs to be clear and included in the cover page of the submitted manuscript. Any changes in author order, or in authorship, will be addressed formally and require the consent of all parties.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Journal reviewers are explicitly asked to decline any reviewership which may be subject to conflicts of interest.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Useful links\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://publicationethics.org/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.palgrave.com/gp/palgrave/journal-authors/ethics-policy/10052358\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">Palgrave Macmillan’s Ethics Policy\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">Similarity Check\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["This journal, via its publisher Palgrave Macmillan, is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). COPE’s mission is to promote integrity in scholarly research and its publication, and the journal strives to uphold ethical principles across all its processes."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The journal expects all prospective authors to read and understand the Ethics Policy of the journal and its Publisher, Palgrave Macmillan, before submitting any manuscript to this journal. This policy details the responsibilities of all authors, editors and reviewers working with and for Palgrave Macmillan Journals as well as the journal’s own ethical responsibilities. This includes, but is not limited to, plagiarism, falsification of data, misuse of third-party material, fabrication of results and fraudulent authorship."]},{"tagName":"blockquote","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["This journal does not charge for the submission of manuscripts to the journal."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The manuscript review process is handled via a manuscript management platform called Editorial Manager. All the steps taken in the review process, and all communications around the review of a manuscript, are typically logged on Editorial Manager, for ease of use and transparency. Not all journals follow this, please refer to the specific journal for instructions."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Manuscripts submitted to the journal are subject to checks using iThenticate to detect instances of overlapping and similar text. The iThenticate software checks submissions against millions of published research papers, documents on the web, and other relevant sources. If plagiarism or misconduct is found, consequences are detailed in Palgrave’s Ethics Policy."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Upon submission, authors are asked to state any conflicts of interest around their research. The order of authors for a manuscript needs to be clear and included in the cover page of the submitted manuscript. Any changes in author order, or in authorship, will be addressed formally and require the consent of all parties."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Journal reviewers are explicitly asked to decline any reviewership which may be subject to conflicts of interest."]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Useful links"]}]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)"],"attributes":{"href":"https://publicationethics.org/","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}}]},{"tagName":"li","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["Palgrave Macmillan’s Ethics Policy"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.palgrave.com/gp/palgrave/journal-authors/ethics-policy/10052358","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}}]},{"tagName":"li","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["Similarity Check"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}}]}]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Open Access & Self Archiving","shortTitle":"Open Access & Self Archiving","urlSegment":"open-access-self-archiving","html":"\u003ch3>Self-archiving (green open access)\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Where articles are published via the subscription route, authors are permitted to self-archive the accepted manuscript (the version post-peer review, but prior to copy-editing and typesetting) on their own personal website and/or in their funder or institutional repositories, for public release after an embargo period of 12 months after first publication.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/journal-policies\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">Learn more about self-archiving\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Publishing open access (gold open access)\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Upon acceptance, authors can indicate whether they wish to pay an optional article processing charge (APC) for their article to be made open access online immediately upon publication. By paying this charge authors are also permitted to post the final, published PDF of their article on a website, institutional repository or other free public server, immediately on publication. \u003c/p>\u003cp>Open access articles are published under under a CC BY-NC-ND (Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International licence) or CC BY (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence) licence. Under Creative Commons, authors retain copyright in their articles.\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">CC BY-NC-ND\u003c/a>: The article can be shared for non-commercial purposes as long as the authors are credited. Permission is needed for commercial re-use or sharing adapted and derivative versions.\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">CC BY\u003c/a>: The article may be shared and adapted for any purpose, including commercially, so long as the authors are credited.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>To learn more about OA licences visit our \u003ca href=\"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/journal-policies/licensing-and-copyright\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">licensing and copyright guide\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\u003cp>Visit our \u003ca href=\"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/journal-policies\" class=\"is-external\">open research site\u003c/a> for more information about Creative Commons licensing. \u003c/p>\u003cp>Once an article has been accepted for publication, and the corresponding author has confirmed relevant affiliations, authors who choose to publish open access must:\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Determine whether an article processing charge (APC) is covered by an agreement with their institution.\u003cbr/> \u003cul>\u003cli>Accepted articles are checked for eligibility under our \u003ca href=\"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/institutional-agreements\" class=\"is-external\">institutional open access agreements\u003c/a> based on the institutional affiliation of the corresponding author. Some articles are eligible for partial or full coverage of the APC as part of an institutional agreement with Springer Nature.\u003c/li>\u003cli>In the event that an author is not eligible under an institutional open access agreement, they may still select the OA option and arrange for APC processing through direct payment or through a variety of \u003ca href=\"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/funding\" class=\"is-external\">funding options\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003c/li>\u003cli>Sign the appropriate publishing agreement.\u003cbr/> \u003cul>\u003cli>Depending on the ownership of the journal and its policies, authors will either grant the Publisher an exclusive license to publish the article or will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher. A copy of the agreement is automatically sent to the author via email. \u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003c/li>\u003cli>Arrange payment for associated publication costs.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>\u003cbr/>Article proofs will only be sent to authors once they've completed these guided checkpoints.\u003c/p>\u003cp>With regard to payment, please note that usual credit terms are 30 days from receipt of invoice. Failure to pay your invoice within the stated credit term may result in the Open Access status of the paper being rescinded, with the paper being placed behind the paywall. You may also be subject to such penalties as restrictions on your ability to publish with Palgrave Macmillan in the future, involvement of a third party debt collection agency and legal proceedings.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/journal-policies\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">Open Access for Palgrave Authors\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Compliance with open access mandates\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Palgrave Macmillan's publishing policies ensure that authors can comply with the public access requirements of many major funding bodies worldwide. \u003cstrong>Authors may need to take specific actions to achieve \u003ca href=\"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/funding/policy-compliance-faqs\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">compliance\u003c/a> with funder and institutional open access mandates\u003c/strong>. If your research is supported by a funder that requires immediate open access (e.g. according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/plan-s-compliance\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">Plan S principles\u003c/a>) then you should select the gold OA route, and we will direct you to the compliant route where possible. For authors selecting the subscription publication route, the journal's standard licensing terms will need to be accepted, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/journal-policies\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">self-archiving policies\u003c/a>. Those licensing terms will supersede any other terms that the author or any third party may assert apply to any version of the manuscript.\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Self-archiving (green open access)"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Where articles are published via the subscription route, authors are permitted to self-archive the accepted manuscript (the version post-peer review, but prior to copy-editing and typesetting) on their own personal website and/or in their funder or institutional repositories, for public release after an embargo period of 12 months after first publication."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["Learn more about self-archiving"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/journal-policies","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Publishing open access (gold open access)"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Upon acceptance, authors can indicate whether they wish to pay an optional article processing charge (APC) for their article to be made open access online immediately upon publication. By paying this charge authors are also permitted to post the final, published PDF of their article on a website, institutional repository or other free public server, immediately on publication. "]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Open access articles are published under under a CC BY-NC-ND (Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International licence) or CC BY (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence) licence. Under Creative Commons, authors retain copyright in their articles."]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["CC BY-NC-ND"],"attributes":{"href":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}},": The article can be shared for non-commercial purposes as long as the authors are credited. Permission is needed for commercial re-use or sharing adapted and derivative versions."]},{"tagName":"li","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["CC BY"],"attributes":{"href":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}},": The article may be shared and adapted for any purpose, including commercially, so long as the authors are credited."]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":["To learn more about OA licences visit our ",{"tagName":"a","children":["licensing and copyright guide"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/journal-policies/licensing-and-copyright","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}},". "]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Visit our ",{"tagName":"a","children":["open research site"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/journal-policies","class":"is-external"}}," for more information about Creative Commons licensing. "]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Once an article has been accepted for publication, and the corresponding author has confirmed relevant affiliations, authors who choose to publish open access must:"]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Determine whether an article processing charge (APC) is covered by an agreement with their institution.",{"tagName":"br"}," ",{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Accepted articles are checked for eligibility under our ",{"tagName":"a","children":["institutional open access agreements"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/institutional-agreements","class":"is-external"}}," based on the institutional affiliation of the corresponding author. Some articles are eligible for partial or full coverage of the APC as part of an institutional agreement with Springer Nature."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["In the event that an author is not eligible under an institutional open access agreement, they may still select the OA option and arrange for APC processing through direct payment or through a variety of ",{"tagName":"a","children":["funding options"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/funding","class":"is-external"}},"."]}]}]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Sign the appropriate publishing agreement.",{"tagName":"br"}," ",{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Depending on the ownership of the journal and its policies, authors will either grant the Publisher an exclusive license to publish the article or will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher. A copy of the agreement is automatically sent to the author via email. "]}]}]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Arrange payment for associated publication costs."]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"br"},"Article proofs will only be sent to authors once they've completed these guided checkpoints."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["With regard to payment, please note that usual credit terms are 30 days from receipt of invoice. Failure to pay your invoice within the stated credit term may result in the Open Access status of the paper being rescinded, with the paper being placed behind the paywall. You may also be subject to such penalties as restrictions on your ability to publish with Palgrave Macmillan in the future, involvement of a third party debt collection agency and legal proceedings."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["Open Access for Palgrave Authors"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/journal-policies","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Compliance with open access mandates"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Palgrave Macmillan's publishing policies ensure that authors can comply with the public access requirements of many major funding bodies worldwide. ",{"tagName":"strong","children":["Authors may need to take specific actions to achieve ",{"tagName":"a","children":["compliance"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/funding/policy-compliance-faqs","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}}," with funder and institutional open access mandates"]},". If your research is supported by a funder that requires immediate open access (e.g. according to ",{"tagName":"a","children":["Plan S principles"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/plan-s-compliance","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}},") then you should select the gold OA route, and we will direct you to the compliant route where possible. For authors selecting the subscription publication route, the journal's standard licensing terms will need to be accepted, including ",{"tagName":"a","children":["self-archiving policies"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/open-research/policies/journal-policies","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}},". Those licensing terms will supersede any other terms that the author or any third party may assert apply to any version of the manuscript."]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Proofs","shortTitle":"Proofs","urlSegment":"proofs","html":"\u003cp>The corresponding author will be sent an email containing a link to an online PDF proof of the article.\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["The corresponding author will be sent an email containing a link to an online PDF proof of the article."]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Offprints","shortTitle":"Offprints","urlSegment":"offprints","html":"\u003cp>Corresponding authors will receive a PDF of their article. This PDF offprint is provided for personal use. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to pass the PDF offprint onto co-authors (if relevant) and ensure that they are aware of the conditions pertaining to its use.\u003c/p>\u003cp>The PDF must not be placed on a publicly-available website for general viewing, or otherwise distributed without seeking our permission, as this would contravene our copyright policy and potentially damage the journal’s circulation. Please visit link below to see our latest copyright policy.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"/cn/palgrave/journal-authors/rights-permissions/10052490\" target=\"_self\">Palgrave Rights and Permissions\u003c/a>\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Corresponding authors will receive a PDF of their article. This PDF offprint is provided for personal use. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to pass the PDF offprint onto co-authors (if relevant) and ensure that they are aware of the conditions pertaining to its use."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The PDF must not be placed on a publicly-available website for general viewing, or otherwise distributed without seeking our permission, as this would contravene our copyright policy and potentially damage the journal’s circulation. Please visit link below to see our latest copyright policy."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["Palgrave Rights and Permissions"],"attributes":{"href":"/cn/palgrave/journal-authors/rights-permissions/10052490","target":"_self"}}]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"Sharing your article","shortTitle":"Sharing your article","urlSegment":"sharing-your-article","html":"\u003ch3>SharedIt: Springer Nature’s commitment to content sharing\u003c/h3>\u003cp>As part of the Springer Nature family, Palgrave Macmillan is excited to offer an initiative that allows researchers to share content easily and legally. The SharedIt content-sharing initiative means that links to view-only, full-text subscription research articles can be posted anywhere - including on social media platforms, author websites and in institutional repositories - so researchers can share research with colleagues and general audiences.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>How do I get a SharedIt link for my article? \u003c/h3>\u003cp>Authors can obtain a SharedIt link by entering the article’s DOI into our author portal at \u003ca href=\"http://authors.springernature.com/share\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">http://authors.springernature.com/share\u003c/a>. \u003cbr/>Note that you only need to enter the numeric part of the DOI rather than the complete URL, i.e. 10.1057/s41280-018-0089-z. Alternatively, authors can obtain a SharedIt link by emailing the journal’s publisher (see “Contacts” page for information).\u003c/p>\u003cp>You can copy the shareable link and provide it to other interested parties or post it anywhere, including via social networks such as Twitter or on scholarly collaborative networks such as ResearchGate or Academia.edu, for non-commercial, personal purposes. Please note that on ResearchGate a SharedIt link cannot be used to upload the full paper, however, it can be added as a link within your own personal profile page. \u003c/p>\u003ch3>Are there any limits to how much can be shared?\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Reasonable sharing is encouraged for non-commercial, personal use.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>What is the benefit of using SharedIt?\u003c/h3>\u003cp>SharedIt allows you to share your research in an easy and legitimate way, facilitating discussions and collaborations with other researchers who may not have a subscription. SharedIt links will take readers to the most up to date, online version of the article. SharedIt also allows us to better understand how research is being used, as usage can be tracked, unlike when a PDF is downloaded and shared. Springer Nature is committed to making information about usage available on a regular basis. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>See your research soar with SharedIt\u003c/strong>. You can follow a social media plan to promote your research \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/see-your-research-soar-with-sharedit-/15163496\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">here\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>How does it work? \u003c/h3>\u003cp>The technology that enables the SharedIt functionality is provided by ReadCube, whose industry leading functionality enables sharers to make final published versions of research articles available in the streaming Enhanced PDF format. In addition to the full text of the articles, the Enhanced PDF provides hyperlinked in-line citations and figures, annotation capabilities, one-click access to supplemental content and figures and advanced article metrics. \u003c/p>\u003ch3>More information\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Further information can be found here \u003ca href=\"https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/sharedit\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">springernature.com/sharedit\u003c/a>. Please email \u003ca href=\"mailto:sharedit@springernature.com\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">sharedit@springernature.com\u003c/a> if you have any further questions.\u003cbr/> \u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["SharedIt: Springer Nature’s commitment to content sharing"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["As part of the Springer Nature family, Palgrave Macmillan is excited to offer an initiative that allows researchers to share content easily and legally. The SharedIt content-sharing initiative means that links to view-only, full-text subscription research articles can be posted anywhere - including on social media platforms, author websites and in institutional repositories - so researchers can share research with colleagues and general audiences."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["How do I get a SharedIt link for my article? "]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Authors can obtain a SharedIt link by entering the article’s DOI into our author portal at ",{"tagName":"a","children":["http://authors.springernature.com/share"],"attributes":{"href":"http://authors.springernature.com/share","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}},". ",{"tagName":"br"},"Note that you only need to enter the numeric part of the DOI rather than the complete URL, i.e. 10.1057/s41280-018-0089-z. Alternatively, authors can obtain a SharedIt link by emailing the journal’s publisher (see “Contacts” page for information)."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["You can copy the shareable link and provide it to other interested parties or post it anywhere, including via social networks such as Twitter or on scholarly collaborative networks such as ResearchGate or Academia.edu, for non-commercial, personal purposes. Please note that on ResearchGate a SharedIt link cannot be used to upload the full paper, however, it can be added as a link within your own personal profile page. "]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Are there any limits to how much can be shared?"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Reasonable sharing is encouraged for non-commercial, personal use."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["What is the benefit of using SharedIt?"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["SharedIt allows you to share your research in an easy and legitimate way, facilitating discussions and collaborations with other researchers who may not have a subscription. SharedIt links will take readers to the most up to date, online version of the article. SharedIt also allows us to better understand how research is being used, as usage can be tracked, unlike when a PDF is downloaded and shared. Springer Nature is committed to making information about usage available on a regular basis. "]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["See your research soar with SharedIt"]},". You can follow a social media plan to promote your research ",{"tagName":"strong","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["here"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/see-your-research-soar-with-sharedit-/15163496","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}}]},"."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["How does it work? "]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The technology that enables the SharedIt functionality is provided by ReadCube, whose industry leading functionality enables sharers to make final published versions of research articles available in the streaming Enhanced PDF format. In addition to the full text of the articles, the Enhanced PDF provides hyperlinked in-line citations and figures, annotation capabilities, one-click access to supplemental content and figures and advanced article metrics. "]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["More information"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Further information can be found here ",{"tagName":"a","children":["springernature.com/sharedit"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/sharedit","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}},". Please email ",{"tagName":"a","children":["sharedit@springernature.com"],"attributes":{"href":"mailto:sharedit@springernature.com","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}}," if you have any further questions.",{"tagName":"br"}," "]}]},"children":[]},{"type":"article","data":{"title":"English Language Editing","shortTitle":"English Language Editing","urlSegment":"english-language-editing","html":"\u003cp>English Language Editing\u003cbr/>For editors and reviewers to accurately assess the work presented in your manuscript you need to ensure the English language is of sufficient quality to be understood. If you need help with writing in English you should consider:\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Asking a colleague who is a native English speaker to review your manuscript for clarity.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Visiting the English language tutorial which covers the common mistakes when writing in English.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Using a professional language editing service where editors will improve the English to ensure that your meaning is clear and identify problems that require your review. Two such services are provided by our affiliates Nature Research Editing Service and American Journal Experts.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cul>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/authorandreviewertutorials/writinginenglish\" class=\"is-external\">English language tutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://authorservices.springernature.com/language-editing/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">Nature Research Editing Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aje.com/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">American Journal Experts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>Please note that the use of a language editing service is not a requirement for publication in this journal and does not imply or guarantee that the article will be selected for peer review or accepted.\u003cbr/>If your manuscript is accepted it will be checked by our copyeditors for spelling and formal style before publication.\u003c/p>\u003cp>为便于编辑和评审专家准确评估您稿件中陈述的研究工作，您需要确保您的英语语言质量足以令人理解。如果您需要英文写作方面的帮助，您可以考虑：\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>请一位以英语为母语的同事审核您的稿件是否表意清晰。\u003c/li>\u003cli>查看一些有关英语写作中常见语言错误的教程。\u003c/li>\u003cli>使用专业语言编辑服务，编辑人员会对英语进行润色，以确保您的意思表达清晰，并识别需要您复核的问题。我们的附属机构 Nature Research Editing Service 和合作伙伴 American Journal Experts 即可提供此类服务。\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>  \u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/authorandreviewertutorials/writinginenglish\" class=\"is-external\">教程\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://authorservices.springernature.com/language-editing/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">Nature Research Editing Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aje.com/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">American Journal Experts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>请注意，使用语言编辑服务并非在期刊上发表文章的必要条件，同时也并不意味或保证文章将被选中进行同行评议或被接受。\u003c/p>\u003cp>如果您的稿件被接受，在发表之前，我们的文字编辑会检查您的文稿拼写是否规范以及文体是否正式。\u003cbr/>.\u003cbr/>エディターと査読者があなたの論文を正しく評価するには、使用されている英語の質が十分に高いことが必要とされます。英語での論文執筆に際してサポートが必要な場合には、次のオプションがあります：\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>英語を母国語とする同僚に、原稿で使用されている英語が明確であるかをチェックしてもらう。\u003c/li>\u003cli>英語で執筆する際のよくある間違いに関する英語のチュートリアルを参照する。\u003c/li>\u003cli>プロの英文校正サービスを利用する。校正者が原稿の意味を明確にしたり、問題点を指摘し、英語を向上させます。Nature Research Editing Service とAmerican Journal Experts の2つは弊社と提携しているサービスです。\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>  \u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/authorandreviewertutorials/writinginenglish\" class=\"is-external\">英語のチュートリアル\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://authorservices.springernature.com/language-editing/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">Nature Research Editing Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aje.com/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">American Journal Experts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>英文校正サービスの利用は、このジャーナルに掲載されるための条件ではないこと、また論文審査や受理を保証するものではないことに留意してください。\u003cbr/>原稿が受理されますと、出版前に弊社のコピーエディターがスペルと体裁のチェックを行います。\u003cbr/>.\u003cbr/>영어 원고의 경우, 에디터 및 리뷰어들이 귀하의 원고에 실린 결과물을 정확하게 평가할 수 있도록, 그들이 충분히 이해할 수 있을 만한 수준으로 작성되어야 합니다. 만약 영작문과 관련하여 도움을 받기를 원하신다면 다음의 사항들을 고려하여 주십시오:\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>귀하의 원고의 표현을 명확히 해줄 영어 원어민 동료를 찾아서 리뷰를 의뢰합니다.\u003c/li>\u003cli>영어 튜토리얼 페이지에 방문하여 영어로 글을 쓸 때 자주하는 실수들을 확인합니다.\u003c/li>\u003cli> 리뷰에 대비하여, 원고의 의미를 명확하게 해주고 리뷰에서 요구하는 문제점들을 식별해서 영문 수준을 향상시켜주는 전문 영문 교정 서비스를 이용합니다. Nature Research Editing Service와 American Journal Experts에서 저희와 협약을 통해 서비스를 제공하고 있습니다.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>   \u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/authorandreviewertutorials/writinginenglish\" class=\"is-external\">영어 튜토리얼 페이지\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://authorservices.springernature.com/language-editing/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">Nature Research Editing Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aje.com/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">American Journal Experts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>영문 교정 서비스는 게재를 위한 요구사항은 아니며, 해당 서비스의 이용이 피어 리뷰에 논문이 선택되거나 게재가 수락되는 것을 의미하거나 보장하지 않습니다.\u003cbr/>원고가 수락될 경우, 출판 전 저희측 편집자에 의해 원고의 철자 및 문체를 검수하는 과정을 거치게 됩니다.\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["English Language Editing",{"tagName":"br"},"For editors and reviewers to accurately assess the work presented in your manuscript you need to ensure the English language is of sufficient quality to be understood. If you need help with writing in English you should consider:"]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Asking a colleague who is a native English speaker to review your manuscript for clarity."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Visiting the English language tutorial which covers the common mistakes when writing in English."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Using a professional language editing service where editors will improve the English to ensure that your meaning is clear and identify problems that require your review. 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journal-cover"},"children":[{"value":{"tagName":"img","attributes":{"class":"journal-cover__image","src":"https://static-content.springer.com/cover/journal/11369/59/3.jpg","alt":"Journal cover: 11369, Volume 59, Issue 3"},"children":[]}}]},{"tagName":"section","attributes":{"class":"column medium-6"},"children":[{"tagName":"h1","attributes":{"class":"kicker"},"children":["Volume 59, Issue 3, July 2024"],"styles":["headline"]},null,{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"issue-article"},"children":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{},"children":[],"props":{"innerHTML":"\n                    \n                    \n                    \n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Editorial\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00367-1\" title=\"From the editor\" target=\"_blank\">From the editor\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Charles Steindel\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00361-7\" title=\"Perspectives on global fiscal policy\" target=\"_blank\">Perspectives on global fiscal policy\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Clare Lombardelli\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Wendy Edelberg\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                      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Peterson\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>"}}],"styles":["issue-article"]},{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"href":"/gp/journal/11369/volumes-issues/latest-issue","title":"Browse Issue","style":"width: 50%"},"children":[{"tagName":"span","attributes":{},"children":["Browse Issue"],"styles":["button-label"]},{"tagName":"svg","attributes":{"width":32,"height":32,"viewBox":"0 0 32 32"},"children":[{"tagName":"path","attributes":{"fill":"inherit","fill-rule":"evenodd","d":"M11.5 28c-0.38 0-0.76-0.142-1.052-0.432-0.59-0.58-0.598-1.528-0.016-2.118l10.166-9.492-10.162-9.404c-0.584-0.588-0.58-1.538 0.008-2.118 0.59-0.588 1.54-0.578 2.122 0.008l10.86 10.104c0.772 0.776 0.774 2.028 0.006 2.808l-10.862 10.196c-0.294 0.298-0.682 0.448-1.070 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Kliesen, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, USA\u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Focus on Statistics Editors\u003c/strong>\u003cbr/>\nMaurine A. Haver, Haver Analytics, USA\u003cbr/>\nRobert P. Parker, Consultant on Federal Statistics, USA\u003cbr/>\n\u003cbr/>\n\u003cstrong>Focus on Industries and Markets Editor\u003c/strong>\u003cbr/>\nStuart Mackintosh, The Group of Thirty\u003cbr/>\n\u003cbr/>\n\u003cstrong>Economics at Work Editor\u003c/strong>\u003cbr/>\nConstance Hunter, AIG\u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Associate Editors\u003c/strong>\u003cbr/>\nAyal Chen-Zion, Convoy, USA\u003cbr/>\nRajeeva Dhawan, Georgia State University, USA\u003cbr/>\nWilliam C. Dunkelberg, National Federation of Independent Business, USA\u003cbr/>\nRobert A. Eisenbeis, Cumberland Advisors, USA\u003cbr/>\nElinda Fishman Kiss, University of Maryland, USA\u003cbr/>\nNayantara Hensel, PCAOB, USA\u003cbr/>\nJ. 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Poole vigorously disagrees with a number of Mallaby's interpretations of the pre-financial crisis period and Greenspan's role and responsibility in that crisis.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Read the article, for free, \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-017-0029-1\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Our NEW ONLINE SUBMISSION SYSTEM is live!\u003c/h3>\u003cp>We are pleased to announce that our new online submission system for Business Economics is live! The link for the new system, called Editorial Manager, is\u003cbr/>\u003ca href=\"https://www.editorialmanager.com/buec\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">www.editorialmanager.com/buec\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ALL new submissions should be uploaded to the online submission system.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Business Economics announces the winner of the Abramson Scroll\u003c/h3>\u003cp>The editor of Business Economics is delighted to congratulate Angel Ubide for winning the Abramson Scroll for an outstanding paper in the journal. The paper is entitled, ‘The Case for an Active Fiscal Policy in the Developed World’ and we are delighted to present it free to view until early November.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Please read the article for FREE \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-016-0006-0\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">here\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003ch3>BE is now included in ABS' Academic Journal Quality Guide\u003c/h3>\u003cp>We are pleased to announce that Business Economics is now included in the \u003ca href=\"http://charteredabs.org/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">Association of Business Schools\u003c/a>' Academic Journal Quality Guide 2015. The guide assesses and ranks over 1,400 business and management publications - the full listing can be viewed \u003ca href=\"http://charteredabs.org/academic-journal-guide-2015/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"is-external\">here\u003c/a>. Inclusion in the guide marks an important milestone for the journal. Congratulations to BE on this achievement!\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Read William Poole’s review of The Man Who Knew: The Life and Times of Alan Greenspan by Sebastian Mallaby, for free"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["In an important newly published review in Business Economics, William Poole dissects Sebastian Mallaby’s biography of Alan Greenspan, The Man Who Knew: The Life and Times of Alan Greenspan. Poole vigorously disagrees with a number of Mallaby's interpretations of the pre-financial crisis period and Greenspan's role and responsibility in that crisis."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Read the article, for free, ",{"tagName":"a","children":["here"],"attributes":{"href":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-017-0029-1","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}},"."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Our NEW ONLINE SUBMISSION SYSTEM is live!"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["We are pleased to announce that our new online submission system for Business Economics is live! The link for the new system, called Editorial Manager, is",{"tagName":"br"},{"tagName":"a","children":["www.editorialmanager.com/buec"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/buec","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}}]},{"tagName":"p","children":["ALL new submissions should be uploaded to the online submission system."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Business Economics announces the winner of the Abramson Scroll"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The editor of Business Economics is delighted to congratulate Angel Ubide for winning the Abramson Scroll for an outstanding paper in the journal. The paper is entitled, ‘The Case for an Active Fiscal Policy in the Developed World’ and we are delighted to present it free to view until early November."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Please read the article for FREE ",{"tagName":"a","children":["here"],"attributes":{"href":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-016-0006-0","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["BE is now included in ABS' Academic Journal Quality Guide"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["We are pleased to announce that Business Economics is now included in the ",{"tagName":"a","children":["Association of Business Schools"],"attributes":{"href":"http://charteredabs.org/","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}},"' Academic Journal Quality Guide 2015. The guide assesses and ranks over 1,400 business and management publications - the full listing can be viewed ",{"tagName":"a","children":["here"],"attributes":{"href":"http://charteredabs.org/academic-journal-guide-2015/","target":"_blank","class":"is-external"}},". Inclusion in the guide marks an important milestone for the journal. Congratulations to BE on this achievement!"]}]}}]},{"tagName":"aside","attributes":{"class":"column medium-3"},"children":[{"value":{"tagName":"section","attributes":{"class":"box"},"children":[{"tagName":"section","attributes":{},"children":[{"tagName":"h1","attributes":{},"children":["Want to publish with us? Submit your Manuscript online."],"styles":["headline"]}]},{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"href":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/buec","target":"_blank","data-track":"click"},"children":[{"tagName":"span","attributes":{},"children":["Submit paper"],"styles":["button-label"]},{"tagName":"svg","attributes":{"width":16,"height":16,"viewBox":"0 0 16 16"},"children":[{"tagName":"path","attributes":{"fill":"inherit","fill-rule":"evenodd","d":"M13.161 12.387c.428 0 .774.347.774.774v1.033c0 .996-.81 1.806-1.806 1.806H1.677A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 0 14.323V3.87c0-.996.81-1.806 1.806-1.806H2.84a.774.774 0 0 1 0 1.548H1.806a.258.258 0 0 0-.258.258v10.452a.13.13 0 0 0 .13.129h10.451a.258.258 0 0 0 .258-.258V13.16c0-.427.347-.774.774-.774zM14.323 0A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 16 1.677V8a.774.774 0 0 1-1.548 0V2.644l-9.002 9a.768.768 0 0 1-.547.227.773.773 0 0 1-.547-1.321l9-9.002H8A.774.774 0 0 1 8 0h6.323z"},"children":[],"ns":"svg"}],"styles":["button-icon"],"ns":"svg"}],"styles":["button-base"],"state":{"backgroundColor":"#00768a"}}],"styles":["box"]}}]}]}]}]}]},"pages/about/abstracting---indexing-":{"title":"About / Abstracting & Indexing ","content":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"live-area-wrapper"},"children":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"live-area"},"children":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"row"},"children":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"column medium-2"},"children":[{"type":"navigation","data":[{"href":"/gp/journal/11369/about/editorial-board","name":"Editorial Board","route":"about/editorial-board","parent":"about","type":"link"},{"href":"/gp/journal/11369/about/news","name":"News","route":"about/news","parent":"about","type":"link"},{"href":"/gp/journal/11369/about/abstracting---indexing-","name":"Abstracting & Indexing ","route":"about/abstracting---indexing-","parent":"about","type":"link"},{"href":"/gp/journal/11369/about/connect-with-us","name":"Connect with Palgrave ","route":"about/connect-with-us","parent":"about","type":"link"}]}]},{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"column medium-7"},"children":[{"id":null,"children":[],"type":"article","data":{"title":"Abstracting & Indexing ","shortTitle":"Abstracting & Indexing ","urlSegment":"abstracting---indexing-","html":"\u003cp>ABS Academic Journal Quality Guide; Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) Journal Quality List; CNKI; Dimensions; EBSCO Book Review Digest Plus; EBSCO Business Abstracts with Full Text; EBSCO Business Source; EBSCO Discovery Service; EBSCO Health Business; EBSCO Management Collection; EBSCO MasterFILE; EBSCO Nonprofit Organization Reference Center; EBSCO OmniFile; EconLit; Google Scholar; Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China; Naver; OCLC WorldCat Discovery Service; ProQuest ABI/INFORM; ProQuest Asian &amp; European Business Collection; ProQuest Business Premium Collection; ProQuest Central; ProQuest Health Research Premium Collection; ProQuest Healthcare Administration Database; ProQuest Pharma Collection; ProQuest Research Library; ProQuest SIRS; ProQuest-ExLibris Primo; ProQuest-ExLibris Summon; Research Papers in Economics (RePEc); SCImago; SCOPUS; UGC-CARE List (India)\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["ABS Academic Journal Quality Guide; Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) Journal Quality List; CNKI; Dimensions; EBSCO Book Review Digest Plus; EBSCO Business Abstracts with Full Text; EBSCO Business Source; EBSCO Discovery Service; EBSCO Health Business; EBSCO Management Collection; EBSCO MasterFILE; EBSCO Nonprofit Organization Reference Center; EBSCO OmniFile; EconLit; Google Scholar; Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China; Naver; OCLC WorldCat Discovery Service; ProQuest ABI/INFORM; ProQuest Asian & European Business Collection; ProQuest Business Premium Collection; ProQuest Central; ProQuest Health Research Premium Collection; ProQuest Healthcare Administration Database; ProQuest Pharma Collection; ProQuest Research Library; ProQuest SIRS; ProQuest-ExLibris Primo; ProQuest-ExLibris Summon; Research Papers in Economics (RePEc); SCImago; SCOPUS; UGC-CARE List (India)"]}]}}]},{"tagName":"aside","attributes":{"class":"column medium-3"},"children":[{"value":{"tagName":"section","attributes":{"class":"box"},"children":[{"tagName":"section","attributes":{},"children":[{"tagName":"h1","attributes":{},"children":["Want to publish with us? 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Join us and your peers on our social media channels and keep up with the latest news.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PalgraveJournal\" target=\"_self\" class=\"is-external\">\u003cimg alt=\"\" class=\"float--left\" title=\"\" src=\"//resource-cms.springernature.com/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/14238406/data/v2\"/>Follow @PalgraveJournal\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Follow us for updates on latest articles, news and events from the Palgrave Journals team.\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["We are committed to furthering the global conversation among researchers and professionals around the world. Join us and your peers on our social media channels and keep up with the latest news."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":[{"tagName":"img","attributes":{"alt":"","class":"float--left","title":"","src":"//resource-cms.springernature.com/springer-cms/rest/v1/content/14238406/data/v2"}},"Follow @PalgraveJournal"],"attributes":{"href":"https://twitter.com/PalgraveJournal","target":"_self","class":"is-external"}}]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Follow us for updates on latest articles, news and events from the Palgrave Journals team."]}]}}]},{"tagName":"aside","attributes":{"class":"column medium-3"},"children":[{"value":{"tagName":"section","attributes":{"class":"box"},"children":[{"tagName":"section","attributes":{},"children":[{"tagName":"h1","attributes":{},"children":["Want to publish with us? Submit your Manuscript online."],"styles":["headline"]}]},{"tagName":"a","attributes":{"href":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/buec","target":"_blank","data-track":"click"},"children":[{"tagName":"span","attributes":{},"children":["Submit paper"],"styles":["button-label"]},{"tagName":"svg","attributes":{"width":16,"height":16,"viewBox":"0 0 16 16"},"children":[{"tagName":"path","attributes":{"fill":"inherit","fill-rule":"evenodd","d":"M13.161 12.387c.428 0 .774.347.774.774v1.033c0 .996-.81 1.806-1.806 1.806H1.677A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 0 14.323V3.87c0-.996.81-1.806 1.806-1.806H2.84a.774.774 0 0 1 0 1.548H1.806a.258.258 0 0 0-.258.258v10.452a.13.13 0 0 0 .13.129h10.451a.258.258 0 0 0 .258-.258V13.16c0-.427.347-.774.774-.774zM14.323 0A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 16 1.677V8a.774.774 0 0 1-1.548 0V2.644l-9.002 9a.768.768 0 0 1-.547.227.773.773 0 0 1-.547-1.321l9-9.002H8A.774.774 0 0 1 8 0h6.323z"},"children":[],"ns":"svg"}],"styles":["button-icon"],"ns":"svg"}],"styles":["button-base"],"state":{"backgroundColor":"#00768a"}}],"styles":["box"]}}]}]}]}]}]},"pages/volumes-issues/latest-issue":{"title":"Issues & Articles / Latest Issue","content":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"live-area-wrapper"},"children":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"live-area"},"children":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"row"},"children":[{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"column medium-2"},"children":[{"type":"navigation","data":[{"href":"/gp/journal/11369/volumes-issues/latest-issue","name":"Latest Issue","route":"volumes-issues/latest-issue","parent":"volumes-issues","type":"link"},{"href":"/gp/journal/11369/volumes-issues/online-first-articles","name":"Online First Articles","route":"volumes-issues/online-first-articles","parent":"volumes-issues","type":"link"}]}]},{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"column medium-7"},"children":[{"id":null,"children":[],"type":"article","data":{"title":"","shortTitle":"Latest Issue","urlSegment":"latest-issue","html":"\n                    \u003ch3 class=\"kicker\">Volume 59, Issue 3, July 2024\u003c/h3>\n                    \u003ch3>Table of Content\u003c/h3>\n                    \n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Editorial\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00367-1\" title=\"From the editor\" target=\"_blank\">From the editor\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Charles Steindel\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00361-7\" title=\"Perspectives on global fiscal policy\" target=\"_blank\">Perspectives on global fiscal policy\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Clare Lombardelli\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Wendy Edelberg\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00354-6\" title=\"US sovereign debt crisis: mounting challenges, practical solutions\" target=\"_blank\">US sovereign debt crisis: mounting challenges, practical solutions\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Dana M. Peterson\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00362-6\" title=\"Monetary policy and treasury market functioning\" target=\"_blank\">Monetary policy and treasury market functioning\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>William Nelson\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Tiffany Wilding\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Ellen Zentner\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00360-8\" title=\"Labor, investment, and technology: assessing the drivers of productivity growth\" target=\"_blank\">Labor, investment, and technology: assessing the drivers of productivity growth\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Stephanie Aaronson\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Catherine L. Mann\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Chad Syverson\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00358-2\" title=\"A distributional approach to U.S. personal consumption expenditures: an overview\" target=\"_blank\">A distributional approach to U.S. personal consumption expenditures: an overview\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Thesia I. Garner\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Robert Martin\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Brett Matsumoto\u003c/span>, \u003cspan>Scott Curtin\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Original Article\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00365-3\" title=\"Does FDI encourage female labor force participation? Evidence from Arab countries\" target=\"_blank\">Does FDI encourage female labor force participation? Evidence from Arab countries\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Manuchehr Irandoust\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Book Review\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00363-5\" title=\"Liran Einav and Amy Finkelstein: We’ve got you covered: rebooting American health care\" target=\"_blank\">Liran Einav and Amy Finkelstein: We’ve got you covered: rebooting American health care\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Kelli Marquardt\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Book Review\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00350-w\" title=\"Stephen D. King: We Need To Talk About Inflation: 14 Urgent Lessons from the Last 2,000 Years\" target=\"_blank\">Stephen D. King: We Need To Talk About Inflation: 14 Urgent Lessons from the Last 2,000 Years\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Kevin L. Kliesen\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Book Review\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00352-8\" title=\"Markus K. Brunnermeier and Ricardo Reis: A crash course on crises: macroeconomic concepts for run-ups, collapses, and recoveries\" target=\"_blank\">Markus K. Brunnermeier and Ricardo Reis: A crash course on crises: macroeconomic concepts for run-ups, collapses, and recoveries\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Anjan Thakor\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Book Review\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00356-4\" title=\"Finn Murphy: Rocky mountain high: a tale of boom and bust in the new wild west\" target=\"_blank\">Finn Murphy: Rocky mountain high: a tale of boom and bust in the new wild west\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Richard Wobbekind\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Book Review\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00364-4\" title=\"Angus Deaton: Economics in America: An Immigrant Economist Explores the Land of Inequality Princeton University Press, 2023. Edmund Phelps: My Journeys in Economic Theory, Columbia University Press, 2023\" target=\"_blank\">Angus Deaton: Economics in America: An Immigrant Economist Explores the Land of Inequality Princeton University Press, 2023. Edmund Phelps: My Journeys in Economic Theory, Columbia University Press, 2023\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Douglas J. Lamdin\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>\n                    \n                    \u003cdiv class=\"issue\">\n                        \u003cp class=\"type\">\u003csmall>Correction\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                        \u003ch3 class=\"link\">\n                            \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00366-2\" title=\"Correction to: Olivier Blanchard: fiscal policy under low interest rates\" target=\"_blank\">Correction to: Olivier Blanchard: fiscal policy under low interest rates\u003c/a>\n                        \u003c/h3>\n                        \u003cp class=\"editors\">\u003csmall>\u003cspan>Burton Abrams\u003c/span>\u003c/small>\u003c/p>\n                    \u003c/div>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"nodes":["\n                    ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Volume 59, Issue 3, July 2024"],"attributes":{"class":"kicker"}},"\n                    ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Table of Content"]},"\n                    \n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Editorial"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["From the editor"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00367-1","title":"From the editor","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Charles Steindel"]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"editors"}},"\n                    "],"attributes":{"class":"issue"}},"\n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Original Article"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["Perspectives on global fiscal policy"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00361-7","title":"Perspectives on global fiscal policy","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Clare Lombardelli"]},", ",{"tagName":"span","children":["Wendy Edelberg"]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"editors"}},"\n                    "],"attributes":{"class":"issue"}},"\n                    \n                    ",{"tagName":"div","children":["\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":["Original Article"]}],"attributes":{"class":"type"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["\n                            ",{"tagName":"a","children":["US sovereign debt crisis: mounting challenges, practical solutions"],"attributes":{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00354-6","title":"US sovereign debt crisis: mounting challenges, practical solutions","target":"_blank"}},"\n                        "],"attributes":{"class":"link"}},"\n                        ",{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"small","children":[{"tagName":"span","children":["Dana M. 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That is, papers must pass the “So what?” test. Specific examples of how analysis or information has been used in business are welcome\u003cbr/>Business Economics readers are professionals, managers, and researchers in organizations of all sizes and kinds. Their interests—improving their performance on the job and using economics in the workplace—shape what Business Economics editors look for in reviewing submissions. Thus, articles should (a) have ideas relevant to application of economics in business, (b) offer solutions that are translatable into action, and (c) demonstrate clear thinking and expression.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Articles can cover a wide range of topics and practices in different industries, sectors, specializations, and geographic locations. Contributions are welcome from academics, consultants, practitioners, analysts, and policy makers. Contributed articles will be reviewed initially by the Editor and, if the content is deemed appropriate for Business Economics, will be forwarded anonymously for referee review.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Specific guidelines are as follows:\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Article length should be no more than necessary to cover the topic effectively for applied economics purposes. Typically, this will be significantly under 10,000 words.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Authors must state clearly at the outset of the article why and in what way the paper is important for applied economics in business. It must pass the “So what?” test.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Authors are free to use whatever mode of expression they think appropriate for communicating their techniques and findings. Graphics and mathematics are welcome. However, theoretical expositions of techniques or analysis not demonstrated to be of value in business economics applications might best be submitted to other journals\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Articles should be submitted to the Business Economics online submission system at"]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["https://www.editorialmanager.com/buec/default.aspx"],"attributes":{"href":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/buec/default.aspx","class":"is-external"}},"."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Please upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["We welcome short questions or inquiries about the appropriateness of manuscripts for journal. Please send inquiries to the Editor, Charles Steindel (csteindel@nabe.com). Dr. Steindel can also be contacted at 001 201-684-7364. Upon acceptance, authors are asked to submit brief biographical sketches. These will accompany the printed article."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"br"}]},{"tagName":"h4","styles":["headline"],"children":["Editor"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Charles Steindel",{"tagName":"br"},{"tagName":"a","children":["csteindel@nabe.com"],"attributes":{"href":"mailto:csteindel@nabe.com","class":"is-external"}},".",{"tagName":"br"},"Dr. Steindel can also be contacted at",{"tagName":"br"},"001 201-684-7364."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"br"}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Content guidelines"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Contributions are welcomed from those who apply economic analysis and information in their work and research. Articles can be of any reasonable length and can use mathematical and graphical material as authors deem appropriate. To be considered for publication, there must be a clear statement of why the analysis and information presented in the paper are important to business. That is, papers must pass the “So what?” test. Specific examples of how analysis or information has been used in business are welcome",{"tagName":"br"},"Business Economics readers are professionals, managers, and researchers in organizations of all sizes and kinds. Their interests—improving their performance on the job and using economics in the workplace—shape what Business Economics editors look for in reviewing submissions. Thus, articles should (a) have ideas relevant to application of economics in business, (b) offer solutions that are translatable into action, and (c) demonstrate clear thinking and expression."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Articles can cover a wide range of topics and practices in different industries, sectors, specializations, and geographic locations. Contributions are welcome from academics, consultants, practitioners, analysts, and policy makers. Contributed articles will be reviewed initially by the Editor and, if the content is deemed appropriate for Business Economics, will be forwarded anonymously for referee review."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Specific guidelines are as follows:"]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Article length should be no more than necessary to cover the topic effectively for applied economics purposes. Typically, this will be significantly under 10,000 words."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Authors must state clearly at the outset of the article why and in what way the paper is important for applied economics in business. It must pass the “So what?” test."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Authors are free to use whatever mode of expression they think appropriate for communicating their techniques and findings. Graphics and mathematics are welcome. 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Refer to this publication for issues not resolved below.\u003cbr/>Please use American spelling, punctuation, and syntax.\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Commonly used Latin terms (e.g., inter alia) should not be italicized.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not simply use e.g. and i.e. throughout in place of the English phrases “for example” and “that is”; if you do use them, they should not be italicized.\u003c/li>\u003cli>If a relatively unfamiliar, non-English term (e.g., “chaebol”) will appear throughout your work, so that italicization will be cumbersome, you may choose to italicize the term and define it the first time it appears, and thereafter use Roman type.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Names of institutions or organizations (e.g., Bundestag; Goskomstat) are not italicized.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Diacritical marks should be retained in proper names and non-English words, even when they are not italicized (e.g., Poincaré, émigré, vis-à-vis, raison d’être).\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch3>Preparing your manuscript\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Please adhere to the following procedures in preparing the final version of your manuscript.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>File formatting\u003c/h3>\u003cul>\u003cli>We prefer to receive final manuscripts in Microsoft Word or in WordPerfect. Separate Excel files are acceptable for tables and figures.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Please utilize the following convention for naming your files: your surname to be followed by the element in the file (e.g., Smith-text.doc, Smith-Figure 1.doc, etc.).\u003c/li>\u003cli>We prefer that you create a separate file for each table and figure (if provided in Excel, each table should be in its own separate workbook file).\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch3>Title page information\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Please provide the following information on your title page.\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Title.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Author name(s). Author affiliation(s), institution(s) only.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Contact information for corresponding author.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Running head (right running head or RRH). Use the title, unless your title is more than 55 spaces, in which case give a shortened version. This will appear at the top of every right-hand page in your published article.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Abstract of not more than 100 words.\u003c/li>\u003cli>No fewer than two and not more than five keywords.\u003c/li>\u003cli>There must be no indication in the text, footnotes, letterhead, etc. of the author(s) identity.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Book reviews need only the review author’s name, affiliation, and contact information, plus the publication information for the reviewed book: book title, author(s)/editor(s), publisher location: publisher, year, # of front matter pages (roman numeral), # of book pages (arabic numeral), price, ISBN#.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch3>Manuscript formatting\u003c/h3>\u003cp>All formatting of your manuscript will be done by a professional typesetter, according to established Business Economics guidelines. Indeed, when preparing your manuscript for submission, please do not try to format the layout or appearance of the work yourself. The following points will make it easier for us to format your manuscript correctly:\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Use only one space after punctuation.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not leave blank lines between paragraphs unless there is a deliberate break in the text.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Use a line feed (“carriage-return” key) only to end a paragraph, not at the end of each screen line.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not use hyphenation/justification, windows, or other automatic functions in the files you send. They will not transmit properly to our computers.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not insert spaces between initials.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not use a lowercase “el” (l) for a numeral one (1).\u003c/li>\u003cli>Sections should be numbered, and subsections should not be numbered.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Section headings are in upper- and lower-case, bold, and flush left. Subheadings are upper- and lower-case, flush left and italicized. Further subheadings are in upper- and lower-case, and indented. The text then begins on the same line, immediately following the further subheadings.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Headings, subheadings, and titles of tables, figures, etc., should be brief but informative, parallel in construction, and in a consistent style. As a group, the headings and subheadings should give a clear outline of the structure of the work and its parts. Superscript note numbers or asterisks should never appear in a title heading, or subheading.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch3>Math symbols and equations\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Dealing with math symbols and equations is one of the most difficult jobs for the typesetter. Please follow the guidelines below carefully.\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Differentiate between math symbols in the text and mere abbreviations that are not math symbols.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Italicize all variables in equations and in the text.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Matrix notation, vectors, and determinants are usually shown in boldface Roman type. Example: Let D represent the submatrix.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Refer to all equations in the text as “equation (#)”. Do not abbreviate equation as eq.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Equations embedded in the text should be written in linear style, using a solidux (/) to denote fractions whenever possible. That is, equations embedded in the text should not alter the text’s vertical spacing. Equations that are displayed separately from the text should be written in conventional mathematical style.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch3>Quotations\u003c/h3>\u003cp>When using quotations from published sources, please follow exactly the spelling and other conventions of the original. Please place interpolations (comments you insert that are not part of the quotation) in square brackets, not parentheses. Indicate internal omissions with ellipsis points; do not use ellipsis points at the beginning or end of a quote.\u003c/p>\u003cp>Quotations need to be identified by source. Direct quotations are enclosed within double quotation marks; quotations within quotations are enclosed in single quotation marks. Commas and periods go inside the close quote (,” .”), colons and semicolons outside (”: ”;). A question mark or exclamation point belongs inside the close quote if it is part of the quotation. A superscript note number follows the close quote, but proper placement of punctuation marks will vary: (“xx xxxxx”),2 “xx xxxxx”;3 “xx xxxxx,”4; and “xx xxxxx.”5\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Citations and notes\u003c/h3>\u003cp>A citation is used when the reader is being referred to a given work, or to identify more fully a work the author has mentioned. If any discussion is included, then this requires a note rather than a citation and should include the reference in brackets where needed within the note.\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>References cited within the text must be referred to by author’s last name and date of publication placed in brackets, not parentheses. If you prefer that the cited author’s name not be placed inside the brackets, reword your sentence so that the author’s name can be gracefully worked into the text. Then follow it with the publication date in brackets. Separate references by semi-colons. If a reference comes at the end of a sentence, the period follows the bracket. Every publication or unpublished manuscript mentioned must be listed in the References list and cited, when mentioned, in this manner.\u003c/li>\u003cli>All notes to the text are formatted as numbered notes (using arabic numerals, not roman numerals) to appear at the foot of the specific page. Show note numbers within the text with a superscript. The superscript note number is best placed at the end of a clause, sentence, or quotation, outside the punctuation. Superscripts should never appear in chapter titles or subheads.\u003c/li>\u003cli>We prefer that the final version of your manuscript not use the autoformatting in MS Word with regards to both numbering and endnote location.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Do not incorporate notes belonging to tables or figures into the sequence of numbered notes, as the exact placement of these elements will not be fixed until the text is typeset.\u003c/li>\u003cli>A credit (or acknowledgment) note is unnumbered. It should be placed before the numbered endnotes.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Use the same short-form citation for nonsequential references to a previously cited source (rather than op cit.).\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch4>Sample citations as they should appear in the text\u003c/h4>\u003cp>Samuelson (1959) uses this technique.\u003c/p>\u003cp>(If the author’s name appears in the text, only the date and appropriate page numbers need to be bracketed.)\u003c/p>\u003cp>The data reveal several inconsistencies (Smith 1985, 1987).\u003c/p>\u003cp>(Multiple references by the same author are shown by listing the name once, followed by appropriate dates, separated by a comma  for each reference.)\u003c/p>\u003cp>We found similar results in several earlier studies (Black 1990, Ch. 2; White 1983, pp. 116-76).\u003c/p>\u003cp>(If chapter and/or page numbers are given, separate from date by comma. Identify chapter by the abbreviation \" Ch.\" Identify page numbers by p. or pp.)\u003c/p>\u003cp>Studies confirm our results (Black (1929) 1982, p. 3)\u003c/p>\u003cp>(Citation of a new edition (1982) of an older work (1929) should include both publication dates.)\u003c/p>\u003cp>Many authors have found similar results (e.g., Rogers 1955, Bates 1969, Autry 1973).\u003cbr/>(Citation is to a non-inclusive sampling of works. Do not overdo the use of e.g., however. See below)\u003c/p>\u003ch4>Sample citations constructs to avoid if possible:\u003c/h4>\u003cp>The data reveal several inconsistencies (see Smith 1985, p. 132).\u003cbr/>(The word “see” is usually extraneous. Some authors tend to do this with nearly all citations. This is an affectation.)\u003cbr/>The data reveal several inconsistencies (e.g., Smith 1985, p. 132).\u003cbr/>(Again the “e.g.” is usually extraneous.)\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Acknowledgements\u003c/h3>\u003cp>The authors wish to thank Marshall Smith and Robinson Friedman for helpful discussion and suggestions.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>References\u003c/h3>\u003cul>\u003cli>Do not indent references.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Arrange references alphabetically with the first (or only) author’s last name first, then name and middle initial or middle name. Only the name of the first author in a multiauthor entry is inverted.\u003c/li>\u003cli>If more than one work by the same author is cited, arrange them chronologically, earliest first. For multiple works within the same year, give the year a suffix a, b, c …. The name of the author(s) is deleted after the first mention and replaced by 12 long underscores or a 3-em dash followed by a period.\u003c/li>\u003cli>References must contain all necessary bibliographic information for our journal style. Examples follow below for how to treat the most common forms of references. If you have a document that does not appear to fit any of the following examples, please give sufficient data to enable a reader to locate the document.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Permitted variations: ◦if an issue number is not available for an article, it is not required; you can also use month or season instead;\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>the access date for a webpage need not be included;\u003cbr/>if you can’t determine the author, then list the owner of the site;\u003cbr/>if the site title is missing, use a descriptive phrase;\u003cbr/>an article in a conference proceedings volume should be treated like a chapter in a multi-author (or edited) book;\u003cbr/>brochures and pamphlets can be treated as books.\u003cbr/>Advance Online Publication:\u003c/p>\u003cp>Bullard, James. 2009. “An article published online in advance of print.” Business Economics, advance online publication 23 May, doi:10.1057/be.2009.5.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Sample References\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Bradley, Omar N., and George S. Patton Jr. 1942. The Relative Economic Efficiency of Tanks. \u003cem>Economic Enquiry\u003c/em>, 23(1): 1-85.\u003cbr/>Brain, James. 1980. \u003cem>Book He Wrote\u003c/em>. New York: Brown and Company.\u003cbr/>Brainier, Jane, ed. 1976. \u003cem>Book She Edited\u003c/em>. New York: Black and Company.\u003cbr/>Brainiest, Judson. 1962. \u003cem>Book Edited for Him\u003c/em> (Michael Jevons, ed) . New York: Brown and Company.\u003cbr/>Calvin, John. 1965. \u003cem>His Book in a Series\u003c/em>, Title of Series. Geneva: Brown and Company.\u003cbr/>____________. 1968. \u003cem>His Work in a Later Edition\u003c/em> (2nd ed). Geneva: Brown and Company.\u003cbr/>____________. 1981. His Chapter in a Cooperative Work, in \u003cem>Title of Work \u003c/em> (John Kenneth Galbraith, ed). Boston: Brown and Company.\u003cbr/>Calvin, John, and Jerry Falwell. 1980. \u003cem>Economics and the Protestant Ethic\u003c/em>. Geneva: Brown and Company.\u003cbr/>Kimmelman, Michael. 2005a. Abstract Art’s New World, Forged for All. \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> (June 7).\u003c/p>\u003cp>____________. 2005b. Risks and Rewards of Art in the Open. \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> (Aug 19): E-31.\u003cbr/>\u003cem>Newsweek\u003c/em>. 2002. Perspectives. (May 20): 53.\u003cbr/>Newman, Alfred E. 2003. \u003cem>Voodoo Economics\u003c/em>. Lecture at the Univesity of Eastlandia, November 17.\u003cbr/>____________. forthcoming. Economics of Zany Comics. \u003cem>Eastern Economic Journal\u003c/em>.\u003cbr/>Princeton University. 2000. Serra’s Arcs Shift Time and Space. Princeton (alumni newsletter published by the University’s Office of Development Communications), Summer, 7.\u003cbr/>U. S. Senate. 1917. \u003cem>Committee on Public Lands. Leasing of Oil Lands\u003c/em>. 65th Cong., 1st sess.\u003cbr/>Websiter, Webster. 1997. \u003cem>Wy Jonny Cant Spel\u003c/em>. Sitename, url (accessed January 7, 2006; site now discontinued).\u003cbr/>Worker, John Q. and R.D. Rester. 2001. \u003cem>Work and Leisure\u003c/em>. NBER Working Paper No.\u003cbr/>710210,: National Bureau of Economic Research.\u003cbr/>Zizzerzazzer, Zuzz. 2007. Email message to author, April 17.\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Editorial style"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The style for Business Economics is essentially that of The Chicago Manual of Style. Refer to this publication for issues not resolved below.",{"tagName":"br"},"Please use American spelling, punctuation, and syntax."]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Commonly used Latin terms (e.g., inter alia) should not be italicized."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Do not simply use e.g. and i.e. throughout in place of the English phrases “for example” and “that is”; if you do use them, they should not be italicized."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["If a relatively unfamiliar, non-English term (e.g., “chaebol”) will appear throughout your work, so that italicization will be cumbersome, you may choose to italicize the term and define it the first time it appears, and thereafter use Roman type."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Names of institutions or organizations (e.g., Bundestag; Goskomstat) are not italicized."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Diacritical marks should be retained in proper names and non-English words, even when they are not italicized (e.g., Poincaré, émigré, vis-à-vis, raison d’être)."]}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Preparing your manuscript"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Please adhere to the following procedures in preparing the final version of your manuscript."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["File formatting"]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["We prefer to receive final manuscripts in Microsoft Word or in WordPerfect. 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They will not transmit properly to our computers."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Do not insert spaces between initials."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Do not use a lowercase “el” (l) for a numeral one (1)."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Sections should be numbered, and subsections should not be numbered."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Section headings are in upper- and lower-case, bold, and flush left. Subheadings are upper- and lower-case, flush left and italicized. Further subheadings are in upper- and lower-case, and indented. The text then begins on the same line, immediately following the further subheadings."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Headings, subheadings, and titles of tables, figures, etc., should be brief but informative, parallel in construction, and in a consistent style. As a group, the headings and subheadings should give a clear outline of the structure of the work and its parts. Superscript note numbers or asterisks should never appear in a title heading, or subheading."]}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Math symbols and equations"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Dealing with math symbols and equations is one of the most difficult jobs for the typesetter. Please follow the guidelines below carefully."]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Differentiate between math symbols in the text and mere abbreviations that are not math symbols."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Italicize all variables in equations and in the text."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Matrix notation, vectors, and determinants are usually shown in boldface Roman type. Example: Let D represent the submatrix."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Refer to all equations in the text as “equation (#)”. Do not abbreviate equation as eq."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Equations embedded in the text should be written in linear style, using a solidux (/) to denote fractions whenever possible. That is, equations embedded in the text should not alter the text’s vertical spacing. Equations that are displayed separately from the text should be written in conventional mathematical style."]}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Quotations"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["When using quotations from published sources, please follow exactly the spelling and other conventions of the original. Please place interpolations (comments you insert that are not part of the quotation) in square brackets, not parentheses. Indicate internal omissions with ellipsis points; do not use ellipsis points at the beginning or end of a quote."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Quotations need to be identified by source. Direct quotations are enclosed within double quotation marks; quotations within quotations are enclosed in single quotation marks. Commas and periods go inside the close quote (,” .”), colons and semicolons outside (”: ”;). A question mark or exclamation point belongs inside the close quote if it is part of the quotation. A superscript note number follows the close quote, but proper placement of punctuation marks will vary: (“xx xxxxx”),2 “xx xxxxx”;3 “xx xxxxx,”4; and “xx xxxxx.”5"]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Citations and notes"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["A citation is used when the reader is being referred to a given work, or to identify more fully a work the author has mentioned. If any discussion is included, then this requires a note rather than a citation and should include the reference in brackets where needed within the note."]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["References cited within the text must be referred to by author’s last name and date of publication placed in brackets, not parentheses. If you prefer that the cited author’s name not be placed inside the brackets, reword your sentence so that the author’s name can be gracefully worked into the text. Then follow it with the publication date in brackets. Separate references by semi-colons. If a reference comes at the end of a sentence, the period follows the bracket. Every publication or unpublished manuscript mentioned must be listed in the References list and cited, when mentioned, in this manner."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["All notes to the text are formatted as numbered notes (using arabic numerals, not roman numerals) to appear at the foot of the specific page. Show note numbers within the text with a superscript. The superscript note number is best placed at the end of a clause, sentence, or quotation, outside the punctuation. Superscripts should never appear in chapter titles or subheads."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["We prefer that the final version of your manuscript not use the autoformatting in MS Word with regards to both numbering and endnote location."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Do not incorporate notes belonging to tables or figures into the sequence of numbered notes, as the exact placement of these elements will not be fixed until the text is typeset."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["A credit (or acknowledgment) note is unnumbered. It should be placed before the numbered endnotes."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Use the same short-form citation for nonsequential references to a previously cited source (rather than op cit.)."]}]},{"tagName":"h4","styles":["headline"],"children":["Sample citations as they should appear in the text"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Samuelson (1959) uses this technique."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["(If the author’s name appears in the text, only the date and appropriate page numbers need to be bracketed.)"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The data reveal several inconsistencies (Smith 1985, 1987)."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["(Multiple references by the same author are shown by listing the name once, followed by appropriate dates, separated by a comma  for each reference.)"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["We found similar results in several earlier studies (Black 1990, Ch. 2; White 1983, pp. 116-76)."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["(If chapter and/or page numbers are given, separate from date by comma. Identify chapter by the abbreviation \" Ch.\" Identify page numbers by p. or pp.)"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Studies confirm our results (Black (1929) 1982, p. 3)"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["(Citation of a new edition (1982) of an older work (1929) should include both publication dates.)"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Many authors have found similar results (e.g., Rogers 1955, Bates 1969, Autry 1973).",{"tagName":"br"},"(Citation is to a non-inclusive sampling of works. Do not overdo the use of e.g., however. See below)"]},{"tagName":"h4","styles":["headline"],"children":["Sample citations constructs to avoid if possible:"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The data reveal several inconsistencies (see Smith 1985, p. 132).",{"tagName":"br"},"(The word “see” is usually extraneous. Some authors tend to do this with nearly all citations. This is an affectation.)",{"tagName":"br"},"The data reveal several inconsistencies (e.g., Smith 1985, p. 132).",{"tagName":"br"},"(Again the “e.g.” is usually extraneous.)"]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Acknowledgements"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The authors wish to thank Marshall Smith and Robinson Friedman for helpful discussion and suggestions."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["References"]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Do not indent references."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Arrange references alphabetically with the first (or only) author’s last name first, then name and middle initial or middle name. Only the name of the first author in a multiauthor entry is inverted."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["If more than one work by the same author is cited, arrange them chronologically, earliest first. For multiple works within the same year, give the year a suffix a, b, c …. The name of the author(s) is deleted after the first mention and replaced by 12 long underscores or a 3-em dash followed by a period."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["References must contain all necessary bibliographic information for our journal style. Examples follow below for how to treat the most common forms of references. If you have a document that does not appear to fit any of the following examples, please give sufficient data to enable a reader to locate the document."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Permitted variations: ◦if an issue number is not available for an article, it is not required; you can also use month or season instead;"]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":["the access date for a webpage need not be included;",{"tagName":"br"},"if you can’t determine the author, then list the owner of the site;",{"tagName":"br"},"if the site title is missing, use a descriptive phrase;",{"tagName":"br"},"an article in a conference proceedings volume should be treated like a chapter in a multi-author (or edited) book;",{"tagName":"br"},"brochures and pamphlets can be treated as books.",{"tagName":"br"},"Advance Online Publication:"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Bullard, James. 2009. “An article published online in advance of print.” Business Economics, advance online publication 23 May, doi:10.1057/be.2009.5."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Sample References"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Bradley, Omar N., and George S. Patton Jr. 1942. The Relative Economic Efficiency of Tanks. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Economic Enquiry"]},", 23(1): 1-85.",{"tagName":"br"},"Brain, James. 1980. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Book He Wrote"]},". New York: Brown and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"Brainier, Jane, ed. 1976. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Book She Edited"]},". New York: Black and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"Brainiest, Judson. 1962. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Book Edited for Him"]}," (Michael Jevons, ed) . New York: Brown and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"Calvin, John. 1965. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["His Book in a Series"]},", Title of Series. Geneva: Brown and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"____________. 1968. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["His Work in a Later Edition"]}," (2nd ed). Geneva: Brown and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"____________. 1981. His Chapter in a Cooperative Work, in ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Title of Work "]}," (John Kenneth Galbraith, ed). Boston: Brown and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"Calvin, John, and Jerry Falwell. 1980. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Economics and the Protestant Ethic"]},". Geneva: Brown and Company.",{"tagName":"br"},"Kimmelman, Michael. 2005a. Abstract Art’s New World, Forged for All. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["New York Times"]}," (June 7)."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["____________. 2005b. Risks and Rewards of Art in the Open. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["New York Times"]}," (Aug 19): E-31.",{"tagName":"br"},{"tagName":"em","children":["Newsweek"]},". 2002. Perspectives. (May 20): 53.",{"tagName":"br"},"Newman, Alfred E. 2003. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Voodoo Economics"]},". Lecture at the Univesity of Eastlandia, November 17.",{"tagName":"br"},"____________. forthcoming. Economics of Zany Comics. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Eastern Economic Journal"]},".",{"tagName":"br"},"Princeton University. 2000. Serra’s Arcs Shift Time and Space. Princeton (alumni newsletter published by the University’s Office of Development Communications), Summer, 7.",{"tagName":"br"},"U. S. Senate. 1917. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Committee on Public Lands. Leasing of Oil Lands"]},". 65th Cong., 1st sess.",{"tagName":"br"},"Websiter, Webster. 1997. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Wy Jonny Cant Spel"]},". Sitename, url (accessed January 7, 2006; site now discontinued).",{"tagName":"br"},"Worker, John Q. and R.D. Rester. 2001. ",{"tagName":"em","children":["Work and Leisure"]},". NBER Working Paper No.",{"tagName":"br"},"710210,: National Bureau of Economic Research.",{"tagName":"br"},"Zizzerzazzer, Zuzz. 2007. Email message to author, April 17."]}]}}]},{"tagName":"aside","attributes":{"class":"column medium-3"},"children":[{"value":{"tagName":"section","attributes":{"class":"box"},"children":[{"tagName":"section","attributes":{},"children":[{"tagName":"h1","attributes":{},"children":["Want to publish with us? 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Authors can however, if they wish, pay to have color reproduction."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Separate data in table columns by tabs, not spaces."]},{"tagName":"li","children":["In statistical matter throughout (including tables): ◦dots (…) indicate that the data are not available;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["a dash (—) indicates that the figure is zero or less than half the final digit shown, or that the item does not exist;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["a single dot (.) indicates decimals;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["a comma (,) separates thousands and millions;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["“billion” means a thousand million; and “trillion” means a thousand billion;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["a short dash (–) is used between years or months (for example, 1998-99 or January-June) to indicate a total of the years or months inclusive of the beginning and ending years or months;"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["a slash (/) is used between years (for example, 1998/99) to indicate a fiscal year or a crop year; and"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["components of tables may not add to totals shown because of rounding."]}]}]}}]},{"tagName":"aside","attributes":{"class":"column medium-3"},"children":[{"value":{"tagName":"section","attributes":{"class":"box"},"children":[{"tagName":"section","attributes":{},"children":[{"tagName":"h1","attributes":{},"children":["Want to publish with us? 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It will help you to prepare artwork so that it will be processed as quickly and smoothly as possible, and give the best possible results in the final printed version. Please follow these instructions carefully.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>File formats\u003c/h3>\u003ch4>We prefer:\u003c/h4>\u003ctable class=\"Table\">\u003ctbody>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Format\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Resolution/Notes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Adobe Illustrator or Encapsulated PostScript (*.AI or *.EPS)\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>For vector and composite images: minimum resolution for bitmap content of 300dpi (dots per inch) at final printed size. 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To do this, open the image in its native application, go into the ‘print’ menu and change the destination from ‘printer’ to ‘file’ (or click on ‘print to file’). This will write a Postscript (.ps or .prn) file.\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>JPEG\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Minimum resolution of 300dpi (72dpi files are not useable) at the size the image is to appear in print. If the figure contains text minimum resolution is 400dpi and 600dpi where it contains small text or other fine detail. Compress only if file size large. Please supply the highest possible quality (between 10 and 12) to prevent reduction of quality.\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Acrobat PDF\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Use ‘Print PDF’ or ‘Press PDF’ settings. Always use embed fonts option in the job options setting (fonts tab). For composite images – min. resolution of 300dpi at final printed size.\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>PICT\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Minimum resolution of 300dpi (72dpi files are not useable) at the size the image is to appear in print. If the figure contains text, minimum resolution is 400dpi, and 600dpi where it contains small text or other fine detail. Compress only if file size is large.\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Canvas version 9\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>-\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>DeltaGraph version 5.6\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>-\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003ctr>\u003ctd>\u003cp>Sigma Plot 9\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003ctd>\u003cp>-\u003c/p>\u003c/td>\u003c/tr>\u003c/tbody>\u003c/table>\u003cp>We \u003cstrong>cannot\u003c/strong> accept: Canvas before version 3.5, DeltaGraph before version 5.6. Where manuscripts are submitted as TeΧ files, we accept graphics in EPS or TIF formats.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Image types\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Raster formats (bitmapped images) are best suited to photographs and scans (we prefer Photoshop or TIFF files). Line (or vector) formats are best for graphs and schematic diagrams.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Colour artwork\u003c/h3>\u003cp>Some, but not all, Palgrave Macmillan journals publish colour artwork. For these journals, remember that there is a charge for reproducing print figures in colour, so if colour is not a significant element in your figures, we recommend that you supply them in a greyscale format (Excel bar graphs, for example), or indicate clearly that greyscale reproduction is acceptable. Otherwise, we may send you a form detailing the applicable colour charges, and asking you to confirm whether you want to proceed with colour printing.\u003c/p>\u003cp>The colour printing process requires files to be in CMYK format.\u003c/p>\u003cp>We prefer authors to convert their artwork to CMYK format before submission – this means that the author can approve any change in colour that occurs during the conversion process.\u003c/p>\u003cp>However, conversion from RGB to CMYK is very critical and depends upon profiles, so if you are not well versed with conversion, please supply the RGB files. We will convert these with standard profiles, so as to minimize the loss in colours.\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Presentation of figures\u003c/h3>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lettering should be:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>In a sans serif typeface (preferably Helvetica or Arial)\u003c/li>\u003cli>In the same typeface throughout\u003c/li>\u003cli>Not placed directly over images or shaded areas\u003c/li>\u003cli>Bold upright (not italic) and lowercase when labelling multipart figures\u003c/li>\u003cli>Between 6 and 8 point for labels\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Figure sizing should:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Be as small as possible (for reasons of space in the journal)\u003c/li>\u003cli>Be supplied in a comparable size to similar figures in printed issues of the journal\u003c/li>\u003cli>Be able to fit into a single column of the printed journal wherever possible\u003c/li>\u003cli>Be able to be reduced significantly without loss of quality wherever possible\u003c/li>\u003cli>Ensure that lettering will remain readable after reduction (avoid large type or thick lines) – we recommend that lines are between 0.5 and 1 point\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003ch3 class=\"flapHead hideContent\">Terminology\u003c/h3>\u003cp class=\"flapContent\">\u003cstrong>BITMAP:\u003c/strong> Any image that’s made up of a grid of dots: typically photos from digital cameras, scanned images, and screenshots are bitmaps. Painting and imageediting applications such as Photoshop and Paint Shop Pro produce bitmap images. Bitmaps are resolution dependent, which means a particular level of detail was saved when they were first created, and if you then try to enlarge them, they will start to look blocky and jagged. Some bitmap file formats such as JPG use compression to reduce the file size; this can also result in blockiness and loss of detail: therefore, please avoid compression settings unless the file sizes are getting too big to transfer with ease. Some common bitmap file formats: TIFF, BMP, JPG, PNG.\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"flapContent\">\u003cstrong>COMPOSITE: \u003c/strong>A type of file format that can store both bitmap and vector image data. EPS files are the most common type of composite image. Photoshop PSD files are bitmap-based but can also store vector data such as editable text. Illustrator and CorelDraw files are vector-based but can also store bitmap data.\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"flapContent\">\u003cstrong>D.P.I.:\u003c/strong> Dots per inch: the usual measure of resolution for bitmap images.\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"flapContent\">\u003cstrong>RASTER:\u003c/strong> same as bitmap\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"flapContent\">\u003cstrong>RESOLUTION:\u003c/strong> The level of detail stored in a bitmap image. When you first take a digital photo or scan a document, you should get a chance to choose the resolution. Higher resolution results in a larger file, but looks much better when printed. We ask that you create images with a resolution of at least 300 d.p.i. where possible. Images copied from web pages are only 72 d.p.i. and can look very blocky when printed; we therefore recommend that you only use these when absolutely unavoidable: when the figure is specifically depicting a web page, for example. In other instances, it’s always worth contacting the owner of the website in question to ask whether the image is also available in another format.\u003c/p>\u003cp class=\"flapContent\">\u003cstrong>VECTOR:\u003c/strong> An image that is made up of separate elements such as lines, boxes and text, which are individually editable: line graphs, flow charts, schematic diagrams are best saved as vector files. Files created by drawing packages such as Illustrator, AutoCAD or Visio for example, or diagrams created using Word or PowerPoint’s native drawing tools. Vector images are resolution independent, which means you can scale them up or down without loss of detail. Some common vector file formats: WMF, EMF.\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["This guide is to assist authors whose manuscripts have been accepted for publication by Palgrave Macmillan. It will help you to prepare artwork so that it will be processed as quickly and smoothly as possible, and give the best possible results in the final printed version. Please follow these instructions carefully."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["File formats"]},{"tagName":"h4","styles":["headline"],"children":["We prefer:"]},{"tagName":"table","children":[{"tagName":"tbody","children":[{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Format"]}]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Resolution/Notes"]}]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Adobe Illustrator or Encapsulated PostScript (*.AI or *.EPS)"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["For vector and composite images: minimum resolution for bitmap content of 300dpi (dots per inch) at final printed size. Fonts to be included."]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Adobe Photoshop (*.PSD)"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Please supply with any layers intact."]}]}]}]}],"attributes":{"class":"Table"}},{"tagName":"h4","styles":["headline"],"children":["We can accept:"]},{"tagName":"table","children":[{"tagName":"tbody","children":[{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Format"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Resolution/Notes"]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["TIFF"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Minimum resolution of 300dpi at the size the image is to appear in print. If the figure contains text minimum resolution is 400dpi and 600dpi where it contains small text or other fine detail. Compress only if file size is large."]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["MS Word, MS PowerPoint, MS Excel"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Minimum resolution of 300dpi for halftone images and 1000dpi for line art. Generate postscript files by using ‘Print to file’. To do this, open the image in its native application, go into the ‘print’ menu and change the destination from ‘printer’ to ‘file’ (or click on ‘print to file’). This will write a Postscript (.ps or .prn) file."]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["JPEG"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Minimum resolution of 300dpi (72dpi files are not useable) at the size the image is to appear in print. If the figure contains text minimum resolution is 400dpi and 600dpi where it contains small text or other fine detail. Compress only if file size large. Please supply the highest possible quality (between 10 and 12) to prevent reduction of quality."]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Acrobat PDF"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Use ‘Print PDF’ or ‘Press PDF’ settings. Always use embed fonts option in the job options setting (fonts tab). For composite images – min. resolution of 300dpi at final printed size."]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["PICT"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Minimum resolution of 300dpi (72dpi files are not useable) at the size the image is to appear in print. If the figure contains text, minimum resolution is 400dpi, and 600dpi where it contains small text or other fine detail. Compress only if file size is large."]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Canvas version 9"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["-"]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["DeltaGraph version 5.6"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["-"]}]}]},{"tagName":"tr","children":[{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["Sigma Plot 9"]}]},{"tagName":"td","children":[{"tagName":"p","children":["-"]}]}]}]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":["We ",{"tagName":"strong","children":["cannot"]}," accept: Canvas before version 3.5, DeltaGraph before version 5.6. Where manuscripts are submitted as TeΧ files, we accept graphics in EPS or TIF formats."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Image types"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Raster formats (bitmapped images) are best suited to photographs and scans (we prefer Photoshop or TIFF files). Line (or vector) formats are best for graphs and schematic diagrams."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Colour artwork"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["Some, but not all, Palgrave Macmillan journals publish colour artwork. For these journals, remember that there is a charge for reproducing print figures in colour, so if colour is not a significant element in your figures, we recommend that you supply them in a greyscale format (Excel bar graphs, for example), or indicate clearly that greyscale reproduction is acceptable. Otherwise, we may send you a form detailing the applicable colour charges, and asking you to confirm whether you want to proceed with colour printing."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The colour printing process requires files to be in CMYK format."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["We prefer authors to convert their artwork to CMYK format before submission – this means that the author can approve any change in colour that occurs during the conversion process."]},{"tagName":"p","children":["However, conversion from RGB to CMYK is very critical and depends upon profiles, so if you are not well versed with conversion, please supply the RGB files. We will convert these with standard profiles, so as to minimize the loss in colours."]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Presentation of figures"]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Lettering should be:"]}]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["In a sans serif typeface (preferably Helvetica or Arial)"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["In the same typeface throughout"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Not placed directly over images or shaded areas"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Bold upright (not italic) and lowercase when labelling multipart figures"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Between 6 and 8 point for labels"]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["Figure sizing should:"]}]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":["Be as small as possible (for reasons of space in the journal)"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Be supplied in a comparable size to similar figures in printed issues of the journal"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Be able to fit into a single column of the printed journal wherever possible"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Be able to be reduced significantly without loss of quality wherever possible"]},{"tagName":"li","children":["Ensure that lettering will remain readable after reduction (avoid large type or thick lines) – we recommend that lines are between 0.5 and 1 point"]}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"events":{"click":[{"name":"toggle","data":{}}]},"children":["Terminology"],"attributes":{"class":"flapHead hideContent"}},{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"class":"collapsible-wrapper"},"children":[{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["BITMAP:"]}," Any image that’s made up of a grid of dots: typically photos from digital cameras, scanned images, and screenshots are bitmaps. Painting and imageediting applications such as Photoshop and Paint Shop Pro produce bitmap images. Bitmaps are resolution dependent, which means a particular level of detail was saved when they were first created, and if you then try to enlarge them, they will start to look blocky and jagged. Some bitmap file formats such as JPG use compression to reduce the file size; this can also result in blockiness and loss of detail: therefore, please avoid compression settings unless the file sizes are getting too big to transfer with ease. Some common bitmap file formats: TIFF, BMP, JPG, PNG."],"attributes":{"class":"flapContent"}},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["COMPOSITE: "]},"A type of file format that can store both bitmap and vector image data. EPS files are the most common type of composite image. Photoshop PSD files are bitmap-based but can also store vector data such as editable text. Illustrator and CorelDraw files are vector-based but can also store bitmap data."],"attributes":{"class":"flapContent"}},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["D.P.I.:"]}," Dots per inch: the usual measure of resolution for bitmap images."],"attributes":{"class":"flapContent"}},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["RASTER:"]}," same as bitmap"],"attributes":{"class":"flapContent"}},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["RESOLUTION:"]}," The level of detail stored in a bitmap image. When you first take a digital photo or scan a document, you should get a chance to choose the resolution. Higher resolution results in a larger file, but looks much better when printed. We ask that you create images with a resolution of at least 300 d.p.i. where possible. Images copied from web pages are only 72 d.p.i. and can look very blocky when printed; we therefore recommend that you only use these when absolutely unavoidable: when the figure is specifically depicting a web page, for example. In other instances, it’s always worth contacting the owner of the website in question to ask whether the image is also available in another format."],"attributes":{"class":"flapContent"}},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"strong","children":["VECTOR:"]}," An image that is made up of separate elements such as lines, boxes and text, which are individually editable: line graphs, flow charts, schematic diagrams are best saved as vector files. Files created by drawing packages such as Illustrator, AutoCAD or Visio for example, or diagrams created using Word or PowerPoint’s native drawing tools. Vector images are resolution independent, which means you can scale them up or down without loss of detail. Some common vector file formats: WMF, EMF."],"attributes":{"class":"flapContent"}}]}]}}]},{"tagName":"aside","attributes":{"class":"column medium-3"},"children":[{"value":{"tagName":"section","attributes":{"class":"box"},"children":[{"tagName":"section","attributes":{},"children":[{"tagName":"h1","attributes":{},"children":["Want to publish with us? 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The author will need to obtain permission to reproduce any such items, and include these permissions with their final submission. Where use is so restricted, the Editor/editorial office and Publisher must be informed with the final submission of the material. Please see further guidance on the use of 3rd party materials below. Please add any necessary acknowledgments to the typescript, preferably in the form of an Acknowledgments section at the end of the paper. Credit the source and copyright of photographs, figures, illustrations etc. in the accompanying captions.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"/cn/palgrave/journal-authors/rights-permissions/10052490\" target=\"_blank\">Using 3rd party material in your article\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003ch3>Copyright of subscription content\u003c/h3>\u003cp>When publishing via the subscription route, it is our policy to ask all contributors to transfer the copyright in their contribution to the journal owner. There are two broad reasons for this:\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>ownership of copyright by the journal owner facilitates international protection against infringement of copyright, libel or plagiarism;\u003c/li>\u003cli>it also ensures that requests by third parties to reprint or reproduce a contribution, or part of it, in either print or electronic form, are handled efficiently in accordance with our general policy which encourages dissemination of knowledge within the framework of copyright.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>As an author and contributor you retain many rights. These are detailed at the link below. The journal mandates the Copyright Clearance Center in the USA and the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK to offer centralized licensing arrangements for photocopying in their respective territories.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"/cn/palgrave/journal-authors/rights-permissions/10052490\" target=\"_blank\">Retained rights\u003c/a>\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Reproducing copyrighted material in articles – clearing permissions"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["The author bears the responsibility for checking whether material submitted is subject to copyright or ownership rights, e.g. figures, tables, photographs, illustrations, trade literature and data. The author will need to obtain permission to reproduce any such items, and include these permissions with their final submission. Where use is so restricted, the Editor/editorial office and Publisher must be informed with the final submission of the material. Please see further guidance on the use of 3rd party materials below. Please add any necessary acknowledgments to the typescript, preferably in the form of an Acknowledgments section at the end of the paper. Credit the source and copyright of photographs, figures, illustrations etc. in the accompanying captions."]},{"tagName":"p","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["Using 3rd party material in your article"],"attributes":{"href":"/cn/palgrave/journal-authors/rights-permissions/10052490","target":"_blank"}}]},{"tagName":"h3","styles":["headline"],"children":["Copyright of subscription content"]},{"tagName":"p","children":["When publishing via the subscription route, it is our policy to ask all contributors to transfer the copyright in their contribution to the journal owner. 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If you need help with writing in English you should consider:\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>Asking a colleague who is a native English speaker to review your manuscript for clarity.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Visiting the English language tutorial which covers the common mistakes when writing in English.\u003c/li>\u003cli>Using a professional language editing service where editors will improve the English to ensure that your meaning is clear and identify problems that require your review. Two such services are provided by our affiliates Nature Research Editing Service and American Journal Experts.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cul>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/authorandreviewertutorials/writinginenglish\" class=\"is-external\">English language tutorial\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://authorservices.springernature.com/language-editing/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">Nature Research Editing Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aje.com/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">American Journal Experts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>Please note that the use of a language editing service is not a requirement for publication in this journal and does not imply or guarantee that the article will be selected for peer review or accepted.\u003cbr/>If your manuscript is accepted it will be checked by our copyeditors for spelling and formal style before publication.\u003c/p>\u003cp>为便于编辑和评审专家准确评估您稿件中陈述的研究工作，您需要确保您的英语语言质量足以令人理解。如果您需要英文写作方面的帮助，您可以考虑：\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>请一位以英语为母语的同事审核您的稿件是否表意清晰。\u003c/li>\u003cli>查看一些有关英语写作中常见语言错误的教程。\u003c/li>\u003cli>使用专业语言编辑服务，编辑人员会对英语进行润色，以确保您的意思表达清晰，并识别需要您复核的问题。我们的附属机构 Nature Research Editing Service 和合作伙伴 American Journal Experts 即可提供此类服务。\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>  \u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/authorandreviewertutorials/writinginenglish\" class=\"is-external\">教程\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://authorservices.springernature.com/language-editing/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">Nature Research Editing Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aje.com/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">American Journal Experts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>请注意，使用语言编辑服务并非在期刊上发表文章的必要条件，同时也并不意味或保证文章将被选中进行同行评议或被接受。\u003c/p>\u003cp>如果您的稿件被接受，在发表之前，我们的文字编辑会检查您的文稿拼写是否规范以及文体是否正式。\u003cbr/>.\u003cbr/>エディターと査読者があなたの論文を正しく評価するには、使用されている英語の質が十分に高いことが必要とされます。英語での論文執筆に際してサポートが必要な場合には、次のオプションがあります：\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>英語を母国語とする同僚に、原稿で使用されている英語が明確であるかをチェックしてもらう。\u003c/li>\u003cli>英語で執筆する際のよくある間違いに関する英語のチュートリアルを参照する。\u003c/li>\u003cli>プロの英文校正サービスを利用する。校正者が原稿の意味を明確にしたり、問題点を指摘し、英語を向上させます。Nature Research Editing Service とAmerican Journal Experts の2つは弊社と提携しているサービスです。\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>  \u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/authorandreviewertutorials/writinginenglish\" class=\"is-external\">英語のチュートリアル\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://authorservices.springernature.com/language-editing/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">Nature Research Editing Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aje.com/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">American Journal Experts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>英文校正サービスの利用は、このジャーナルに掲載されるための条件ではないこと、また論文審査や受理を保証するものではないことに留意してください。\u003cbr/>原稿が受理されますと、出版前に弊社のコピーエディターがスペルと体裁のチェックを行います。\u003cbr/>.\u003cbr/>영어 원고의 경우, 에디터 및 리뷰어들이 귀하의 원고에 실린 결과물을 정확하게 평가할 수 있도록, 그들이 충분히 이해할 수 있을 만한 수준으로 작성되어야 합니다. 만약 영작문과 관련하여 도움을 받기를 원하신다면 다음의 사항들을 고려하여 주십시오:\u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>귀하의 원고의 표현을 명확히 해줄 영어 원어민 동료를 찾아서 리뷰를 의뢰합니다.\u003c/li>\u003cli>영어 튜토리얼 페이지에 방문하여 영어로 글을 쓸 때 자주하는 실수들을 확인합니다.\u003c/li>\u003cli> 리뷰에 대비하여, 원고의 의미를 명확하게 해주고 리뷰에서 요구하는 문제점들을 식별해서 영문 수준을 향상시켜주는 전문 영문 교정 서비스를 이용합니다. Nature Research Editing Service와 American Journal Experts에서 저희와 협약을 통해 서비스를 제공하고 있습니다.\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>   \u003c/p>\u003cul>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/authorandreviewertutorials/writinginenglish\" class=\"is-external\">영어 튜토리얼 페이지\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://authorservices.springernature.com/language-editing/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">Nature Research Editing Service\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.aje.com/?utm_source=springer&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_campaign=springerJournalPages\" class=\"is-external\">American Journal Experts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp>영문 교정 서비스는 게재를 위한 요구사항은 아니며, 해당 서비스의 이용이 피어 리뷰에 논문이 선택되거나 게재가 수락되는 것을 의미하거나 보장하지 않습니다.\u003cbr/>원고가 수락될 경우, 출판 전 저희측 편집자에 의해 원고의 철자 및 문체를 검수하는 과정을 거치게 됩니다.\u003c/p>","shortHtml":null,"contentType":null,"source":null,"imageController":null,"viewType":null,"target":null,"picture":null,"overlayText":null,"nodes":[{"tagName":"p","children":["English Language Editing",{"tagName":"br"},"For editors and reviewers to accurately assess the work presented in your manuscript you need to ensure the English language is of sufficient quality to be understood. 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Nature Research Editing Service와 American Journal Experts에서 저희와 협약을 통해 서비스를 제공하고 있습니다."]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":["   "]},{"tagName":"ul","children":[{"tagName":"li","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["영어 튜토리얼 페이지"],"attributes":{"href":"http://www.springer.com/gp/authors-editors/authorandreviewertutorials/writinginenglish","class":"is-external"}}]},{"tagName":"li","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["Nature Research Editing Service"],"attributes":{"href":"http://authorservices.springernature.com/language-editing/?utm_source=springer&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=springerJournalPages","class":"is-external"}}]},{"tagName":"li","children":[{"tagName":"a","children":["American Journal Experts"],"attributes":{"href":"http://www.aje.com/?utm_source=springer&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=springerJournalPages","class":"is-external"}}]}]},{"tagName":"p","children":["영문 교정 서비스는 게재를 위한 요구사항은 아니며, 해당 서비스의 이용이 피어 리뷰에 논문이 선택되거나 게재가 수락되는 것을 의미하거나 보장하지 않습니다.",{"tagName":"br"},"원고가 수락될 경우, 출판 전 저희측 편집자에 의해 원고의 철자 및 문체를 검수하는 과정을 거치게 됩니다."]}]}}]},{"tagName":"aside","attributes":{"class":"column medium-3"},"children":[{"value":{"tagName":"section","attributes":{"class":"box"},"children":[{"tagName":"section","attributes":{},"children":[{"tagName":"h1","attributes":{},"children":["Want to publish with us? 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}</style></div><div class="journal-content"><div class="live-area-wrapper"><div class="live-area"><div class="row"><section class="column medium-8"><div><b>Editor-in-Chief:</b> <span>Charles Steindel</span></div><div class="row"><div class="column medium-6"><ul><li style="list-style: none; margin-left: 0"><b>ISSN</b>: 0007-666X (print)</li><li style="list-style: none; margin-left: 0"><b>ISSN</b>: 1554-432X (electronic)</li><li style="list-style: none; margin-left: 0"><b>Journal no.</b>: 11369</li></ul></div><div class="column medium-6">Associated with:<div class="society-link"><img src="https://resource-cms.springernature.com/springer-cms/rest/v1/img/13313882/v1/width/300" class="society-logo" /></div></div><div class="column medium-12"><section class="usp"><ul class="article-body"><li>Essential reading for everyone with a practical interest in how economics is used in business</li><li>Clear analysis and insights on economy and the economic outlook for business</li><li>Official journal of the National Association for Business Economics (NABE)</li></ul></section><div><p>This journal publishes hard-hitting, peer-reviewed articles by academics, policy-makers and professionals working in commerce, and provides a lively forum for debate over solutions and analysis of critical business problems.</p>

<p>As the official journal of the National Association for Business Economics (NABE), <em>Business Economics</em> offers best-practice models, tools and hands-on techniques from business professionals; insights into how economic professionals apply economics in business, and respond to challenges in the workplace; and useful representation and interpretation of current economic information and issues.</p>

<p><em>Business Economics</em> stands as a leading forum for discussion and debate on problems of critical import to business as well as for analysis of key business issues. Moreover, it represents and interprets current economic topics in a manner that is both educational and useful on the job. Besides regular articles, the journal regularly publishes these feature sections: Focus on Statistics; Focus on Industries and Markets; Economics at Work; and Book Reviews.<br/>
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                            <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11369-024-00367-1" title="From the editor" target="_blank">From the editor</a>
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                        <p class="editors"><small><span>Clare Lombardelli</span>, <span>Wendy Edelberg</span></small></p>
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